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A Discussion on the Physical Interpretation of Measurements of Tribological Wear

Sadowski Jan

Tribologia

2021

nr 1

27--37

Physical sense and practical significance of major measurements of tribological wear are analysed here. Definitions and methods of assessing these measurements are proposed on the basis of the laws of energy and mass conservation. Contributions of energy and displacement of particular friction forces corresponding to each element of a friction couple are addressed. Energy expenditure that causes wear is introduced into the definition of wear resistance. Planning and thermodynamic analysis of a tribological experiment and the application of thermodynamic concepts and quantities to the description and the interpretation of results are recommended. The author believes application of wear measures that have an unequivocal physical interpretation will limit problems with the incomparability and the irreproducibility of tribological results and issues with transferring them to real objects.

W niniejszej pracy zanalizowano senes fizyczny i praktyczne znaczenie ważniejszych miar zużycia tribologicznego. Zaproponowano definicje i sposoby oceny tych miar w oparciu o zasady zachowania energii i masy. Uwzględniono w nich udział energii i przemieszczenia poszczególnych sił tarcia, które przypadają na każdy z elementów pary ciernej. Do definicji odporności na zużycie wprowadzono nakład energii, który je spowodował. Zalecono zaplanowanie eksperymentu tribologicznego z jego analizą termodynamiczną oraz wykorzystanie pojęć i wielkości termodynamicznych do opisu i interpretacji uzyskanych wyników. Zdaniem autora stosowanie miar zużycia mających jednoznaczną interpretację fizyczną ograniczy problemy nieporównywalności i nie odtwarzalności wyników badań tribologicznych oraz trudności ich przenoszenia na obiekty rzeczywiste.

A Multi RIG Screening Test for Thin Ceramic Coatings in Bio - Tribological Applications

Lubliński J., Druet K., Olszewski A., Neyman A., Sikora J.

Advances in Materials Science

2010

Vol. 10, nr 4(26)

69-80

A method is presented for the comparative testing of wear resistance of ceramic coatings made from materials potentially feasible in tribo – medical applications, mainly orthopaedic implants made from ceramics coated metals for low cost, long life and low wear particle emission into the body. The method was devised as the main tool for use in research and is comprised of flat on flat and ball on flat surface (sliding) tests. Seven ceramic coatings were chosen as potentially feasible for the application area known to perform well in low viscosity fluid lubrication condition. The materials used in coatings were diamond like carbon (DLC), diamond like carbon with tungsten additive (DLC-W), titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbide (TiC), silicon carbide (SiC), chromium nitride (CrN), carbon nitride (CNx). The coatings tested were deposited in vacuum to a stainless steel substrate with the use of several methods, each suited to the coating material; The methods were the following: cathode arc evaporation (ARC), magnetron sputtering (MAG), plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD), impulse reactive magnetron sputtering (IRMS) and a combined method ARC-MAG-RF-PACVD (radio frequency assisted – RF); A multiple role PT-3 tribometer was used for flat on flat surface tests (ring shaped surface) and a reciprocating linear motion TPZ-1 tribometer for ball on flat surface tests and a CSEM REVETESTŽ Scratch Tester to perform standard scratch test in air on coatings. A set of results was obtained illustrating the limiting load for each coating (the load inflicting rapid destruction of the coating) and the endurance under light loading conditions. As lubricating agents distilled water and saline water solution were used. Test results examples are presented and discussed as an illustration of the method’s usability for the target application area.