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1

Microplastics Evaluation in Tap Water in Left Side Districts of Mosul City, Iraq

Sultan Mhmood Hameed, Al-Ahmady Kossay K., Mhemid Rasha Khalid Sabri

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 8

353--362

EN

Microplastics (MPs) are considered as recently identified pollutants in the tap water of Mosul city. Limited studies on the quantity and features of microplastics have been reported. Consequently, this study examined the number and characteristics of MPs in tap water from 16 districts in left side of Mosul city, including 8 districts that receive drinking water from the Alaysar aljadid drinking water treatment plant (AJ-DWTP) and 8 districts that receive drinking water from the Alaysar alqadim drinking water treatment plant (AQ-DWTP). Infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and stereo microscopy were used to determine the microplastic abundance, polymer type, and morphology characteristics (colour and shape). The results showed that the abundances of MPs calcualted in tap water in AJ-WDN and AG-WDN were 35 to 70 items/L and 25 to 71 items/L, respectively. The predominant shape of microplastics was fiber and fragment, accounting for 93% of the identified quantities. The most common polymer types were polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (51%) followed by polyamide (PA) (16%). Statistical analysis was conducted on the results using Exel 2019. The microplastic’s risk has been estimated based on the potential risk index of polymers. In both the water distribution networks of AQ and AJ, MPs’ potential risk was significantly similar.

2

Review of possibilities of using sandy waste obtained in wastewater treatment plants as an alternative raw material in construction

Kostrzewa Jacek, Popielski Paweł, Dąbska Agnieszka

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2023

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nr 3

25--37

EN

Sand is a globally mined natural resource. It is applied, among others, in construction, because sand is one of the main components of concrete mixtures and a material used in earthworks. The aim of the manuscript is to organize the state of knowledge regarding the management of sandy waste generated in wastewater treatment plants and to indicate the possibilities of using this waste as an alternative raw material in construction applications. The main thesis is the claim that sand recovered in wastewater treatment plants, perceived as waste, can be an alternative for the global economy to obtain a significant amount of raw material for various uses in construction and to replace natural raw materials extracted for industry. The paper presents data on natural sand resources and its use, the effects of uncontrolled exploitation of the worlds sand resources and the potential of the Polish sand resource base. Particular attention was paid to the review of the possibilities of using sandy waste generated in wastewater treatment plants as an alternative raw material for natural sand resources. The practical applications of sand obtained in the processes used in wastewater treatment plants were also presented.

PL

Piasek jest globalnie wydobywanym zasobem naturalnym. Stosuje się go m.in. w budownictwie, ponieważ piasek jest jednym z głównych składników mieszanek betonowych oraz materiałem wykorzystywanym w robotach ziemnych. Celem artykułu jest uporządkowanie stanu wiedzy dotyczącego zagospodarowania odpadów piaszczystych powstających w oczyszczalniach ścieków i wskazanie możliwości wykorzystania tych odpadów jako surowca alternatywnego w zastosowaniach budowlanych. Główną tezę stanowi twierdzenie, że piasek odzyskiwany w oczyszczalniach ścieków, postrzegany jako odpad, może być alternatywą dla światowej gospodarki na pozyskanie znacznej ilości surowca do różnych zastosowań w budownictwie i zastąpienia nim surowców naturalnych wydobywanych dla przemysłu. W pracy przedstawiono dane dotyczące zasobów piasku naturalnego i jego wykorzystania, skutki niekontrolowanej eksploatacji światowych zasobów piasku oraz potencjał polskiej bazy zasobowej piasku. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono przeglądowi możliwości wykorzystania odpadów piaszczystych powstających w oczyszczalniach ścieków jako alternatywnego surowca dla piasku naturalnego. Przedstawiono również dotychczasowe, praktyczne zastosowania piasku uzyskanego w procesach stosowanych w oczyszczalniach ścieków.

3

Analysis of the distribution of statistical concentrations of pollutants in samples of treated wastewater from small sewage treatment plants

Kaczor Grzegorz B.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 55

115--124

EN

The aim of the research was to show which theoretical statistical distribution best reflects and describes the variability of pollutant concentrations in treated sewage, discharged from small sewage treatment plants, characterised by a value below 2000 PE. The statistical analysis additionally takes into account the influence of the number of measuring sequence data on the shape and level of the distribution fit. The data for the research were obtained from three small sewage treatment plants, operating in the Lesser Poland, 10, 11 and 14 km from Kraków. Due to their size, these facilities are included in the group of treatment plants below 2000 PE. The research was conducted for 10 years. In the statistical analysis, 20-, 40-, 60- and 80-element data series were used, including the values of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and total suspended solids (TSS), determined in samples of treated wastewater. Two commonly used tests, Kolmogorov-Smirnov λ and Pearson’s χ2 test were used to assess the fit of the theoretical statistical distribution to the empirical data distribution. Statistical analysis showed that the studied communities were characterised by an asymmetric, right-oblique distribution. Most often, the empirical distribution of the analysed measurement sequences was consistent with the Fisher-Tippett distribution. On the basis of the χ2 test, this distribution was described by a total of 31 out of 36 analysed groups at the significance level of a = 0.05. Other distributions that often describe the analysed empirical data are: Gamma, log-normal, Chi-square, and Weibull. The common feature of these distributions is usually asymmetry, right oblique. The skewness value ranges from 0.15 to 1.69.

4

The Effect of Purified Wastewater on the Physicochemical Properties of Agricultural Soils in Chaouia in Morocco

Abou-Tammame Dyaa, Zouhri Abdeljalil, Boutarfa Abdeljalil, Fathi Jihane, Aboutayeb Rachid

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 1

34--42

EN

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the reuse of purified wastewater from the wastewater treatment plant in the city of Settat on the physicochemical quality of agricultural soils compared to the agricultural soils irrigated by rainwater in the region of Chaouia in Morocco. The results obtained showed that despite the great fertilizing value of the purified wastewater, a slight increase in salinity was noted; they also reveal a significant difference in pH. The accumulation of sodium, total limestone and active limestone in the soil increased significantly in the soils irrigated by treated wastewater; in contrast, calcium increased significantly in the soils irrigated by rainwater.No significant differences were recorded for humidity, electrical conductivity, ammonium, nitrates, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, total nitrogen or cation exchange capacity.

5

Impact of raw and purified wastewater reuse from the Dar El-Gueddari treatment plant on the soil

Njimat Smail, Elfettahi Fouad, Griou Hajar, El Brouzi Mohammed Y., Aboulouafa Mohammed, Ibn Ahmed Said

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 49

121--128

EN

The study has been carried out at two experimental sites. It aims to assess the impact of the reuse of raw wastewater, purified and diluted with conventional water on the physicochemical quality of soils compared to irrigated soils with conventional drilled water and non-irrigated soil. The obtained results show that the electrical conductivity EC and sodium gradually increase in all the plots irrigated with wastewater. Additionally, a slight increase in the pH levels at the first site and a slight decrease in the second site was seen, but at both sites the soils remained alkaline. The infiltration rate of water slide decreases in relation to the amount of irrigation, especially in plots irrigated by raw and treated wastewater. For the same plots, the values of organic matter increased, and the values obtained for the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) became high in the third year and reached 17.0% and 16.7% respectively.

6

An experimental sedimentation tank for enhancing the settling of solid particles

Yaseen Dina A., Abu-Alhail Saad, Mohammed Rusul N.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 49

63--73

EN

Sedimentation tanks have a vital role in the overall efficiency of solid particles removal in treatment units. Therefore, an in-depth study these tanks is necessary to ensure high quality of water and increasing the system efficiency. In this work, an experimental rectangular sedimentation tank has been operated with and without a baffle to investigate the system behaviour and effectiveness for the reduction of solid particles. Turbid water was prepared using clay, which was collected from the water treatment plant of Al Maqal Port (Iraq), mixed with clear water in a plastic supply tank. Raw and outflow samples were tested against turbidity after plotting a calibration curve between inflow suspended solids versus their corresponding turbidity values. The key objective was to assess the impact of different flow rates, particle concentrations, heights and positions of the baffle on the system efficiency. Findings showed that the tank performance was enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) with the use of a baffle placed at a distance of 0.15 of tank length with height equal to 0.2 of tank depth. Higher removal efficiency (91%) was recorded at a lower flow rate (0.015 dm3∙s–1) and higher concentration (1250 mg∙dm–3), as the treatment efficiency enhanced by 34% compared with the operation without a baffle. Placing the baffle in the middle of the sedimentation tank produced the worst results. System efficiency for solids removal reduced with increasing baffle height. Further research is required to evaluate the efficiency of an inclined baffle.

7

Study of Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Treated Wastewater by the New Aourir Plant (Southwestern of Morocco) Using Activated Sludge Technology in a Semi-Arid Region

Hajji Sara, Ait Alla Aicha, Noureddine Slimani, Haddad Mohamed Ben, Moukrim Abdellatif

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 6

83--98

EN

In order to use the purified wastewater for the irrigation of a golf course in the Taghazout area (Southwestern of Morocco), this study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of the treated wastewater in the new Aourir plant (Activated Sludge technology). In order to achieve these objectives, three types of water were analyzed: raw water (RW), biologically treated water (BTW) and water treated by ultraviolet radiation (UV-TW). The physicochemical parameters analyzed were Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), five-day Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Total Suspended Solids (SS), Nitrate (NO3), and Orthophosphates (PO4). Otherwise, the analyzed biological parameters are Total Coliforms (TC), Fecal Coliforms (FC), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Fecal Streptococci (FS). The physicochemical parameters showed that temperature is always lower than 30°C, the pH is close to neutrality and a strong fluctuation of the high electrical conductivity (2700 μS/cm) occurs in UV-TW. At all stages of wastewater treatment, COD, BOD5, SS, NO3 and PO4 were below the limit values recommended by Moroccan standards. The bacteriological results showed a high level of bacterial contamination in RW and BTW, but in UV-TW the loads did not exceed 3 log10. The average loads of TC, FC, E. coli and FC in UV-TW were 2.13, 1.67, 1.77, and 2 (log10 CFU/100ml) respectively. Activated sludge treatment combined with UV has demonstrated sufficient quality to reuse treated water in irrigation; however, the UV treatment requires control to avoid any effect on the microbiological and physicochemical quality of green spaces and groundwater.

8

The Modified Primary Swirl Sedimentation Tanks in Waste Liquids Treatment Plant : Liquid Viscosity Effect

Markowska Małgorzata, Ochowiak Marek, Włodarczak Sylwia, Matuszak Magdalena

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2020

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Vol. 46, no. 3

42--48

EN

This paper discusses design, evaluation, and application for the use of swirl/vortex technologies as liquid purification system. A study was performed using modified swirl sedimentation tanks. The vortex separators containing baffle have been studied under laboratory conditions at hydraulic load from 21 to 64 [m3/(m2·h)]. Analyzed disperser phases were municipal water and glycerol solutions of varying concentration. The pressure drop and the efficiency of purification of liquid stream were analyzed. The suspended particles of different diameters were successfully removed from liquid with the application of swirl chambers of proposed constructions. It was found that damming of liquid in the tank increases alongside liquid stream at the inlet and depends on the tank construction. The efficiency of the sedimentation tanks increases alongside the diameters of solid particles and decrease in the liquid flow rate. The best construction proved to be the one where baffle is located in the middle of in- and outlet due to the highest efficiency of the purification liquid stream for solid particles of the smallest diameter. The proposed solution is an alternative to the constructions of heavy fraction separators.

9

Water quality management in a treatment plant using the Box-Jenkins method

Redondo-Peñuela E. A., Rondón-Quintana H. A., Zafra-Mejía C. A.

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 66, nr 3

125--137

EN

Drinking water systems are critical to society. They protect residents from waterborne illnesses and encourage economic success of businesses by providing consistent water supplies to industries and supporting a healthy work force. This paper shows a study on water quality management in a treatment plant (TP) using the Box-Jenkins method. A comparative analysis was carried out between concentrations of water quality parameters, and Colombian legislation and guidelines established by the World Health Organization. We also studied the rainfall influence in relation to variations in water quality supplied by the TP. A correlation analysis between water quality parameters was carried out to identify management parameters during the TP operation. Results showed the usefulness of the Box-Jenkins method for analyzing the TP operation from a weekly timescale (mediumterm), and not from a daily timescale (short-term). This was probably due to significant daily variations in the management parameters of water quality in the TP. The application of a weekly moving average transformation to the daily time series of water quality parameter concentrations significantly decreased the mean absolute percentage error in the forecasts of Box-Jenkins models developed. Box-Jenkins analysis suggested an influence of the water quality parameter concentrations observed in the TP during previous weeks (between 2-3 weeks). This study was probably constituted as a medium-term planning tool in relation to atypical events or contingencies observed during the TP operation. Finally, the findings in this study will be useful for companies or designers of drinking water treatment systems to take operational decisions within the public health framework.

10

Optimization of the Operation of a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant with Hydrocotyle ranunculoides

Quispe Rebeca, Soto Mishel, Ingaruca Ever, Bulege Wilfredo, Custodio María

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 9

228--236

EN

The objective of the study was to optimize the operation of the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the Sicaya district with Hydrocotyle ranunculoides. The relative growth rate of the macrophyte was determined, in addition to the relationship between the population growth area and the final weight according to the number of days elapsed. Medium fences were implemented and the tributary and effluent of the WWTP were characterized physicochemically and microbiologically. The results of the characterization corresponding to the tributary were as follows: 616 mg of TSS/L, 109.2 mg of BOD5/L, 305.4 mg of COD/L, 30.3 mg of oils and fats/L and 3 500 000 NMP of thermotolerant coliforms/100 ml. Owing to the implementation of two medium grids, large suspended solids were retained. The highest efficiency of COD removal with respect to the growth area of H. ranunculoides (2 226.96 m2) was 81.53%. While the efficiency of removal of thermotolerant coliforms was 79.2% at a water temperature of 12.32°C . Using the operational optimization model in the WWTP with H. ranunculoides, an area of 3 291.67 m2 of macrophyte population growth was achieved with a removal efficiency of 93.71% COD and an area of 3 591.67m2 to remove 79.95% of the thermotolerant coliforms at a temperature of 13°C.

11

Accumulation of Cadmium, Chromium and Nickel in the Process of Stormwater Treatment

Zubala T., Patro M.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2018

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Tom 20, cz. 1

275--291

EN

The degree of accumulation of cadmium, chromium and nickel in sludge of a large rainwater treatment plant was assessed in the paper. The facility collects runoffs from an area of about 500 hectares of Puławy (a city in south-eastern Poland) and in terms of innovativeness, throughput and retention capacity stands out among other national solutions of this type. The main elements of analysed technological line are screen chambers, grit chambers, a settler and a retention pond. In the treatment plant there is only gravity flow - possible because of preserving the appropriate slopes and differences in bottom elevation of the individual devices. During the flow, physical, chemical and biological processes of self-cleaning occur. Sewage sludge was collected using a sediment core sampler, type Beeker, by Eijkelkamp. The material of intact structure was taken from the bottom of particular stormwater treatment facilities from the 0-10 cm layer. The cadmium content was determined in plasma using a quadrupole mass spectrometer and an ion detector. Chromium and nickel contents were determined using the method of atomic absorption spectrometry in acetylene-air flame. The trace metal contents in sediments are characterised by relatively large diversity. Different hydraulic conditions prevailing in individual devices – especially speeds of liquid flow – may be the cause. As a result, sequential sedimentation of various fractions of suspension occurs, along with adsorbed metals. The use of drained surfaces may be of great importance. The highest concentrations of pollutants were observed in the part of the treatment plant supplied with runoffs from the main streets of the city. The least polluted was sludge from the retention pond, from which purified sewage flows to the oxbow of the Vistula river. In grit chambers, Cr (54-60%) has the highest share in the pool of analysed metals. In contrast, the settler and the retention pond are dominated by Ni (respectively 64 and 80%). The contribution of Cd is in the range of 0.02-0.7%. In comparison with results obtained by other authors, the degree of accumulation of trace metals in the sludge is not very high. Their presence in the research area is probably related to the functioning of road transport and burning of fuels for energy purposes. A certain pool of metals can be released from various components of the technical infrastructure. Although no disturbingly high levels of heavy metals were found in the sediments, their quality should be continuously monitored. The city is developing dynamically and it is not possible to exclude the emergence of further potential pollution sources (e.g. increase in sealed surfaces and intensity of road traffic, establishing new production plants and service). In the case of increased concentrations of metals, an effective method of neutralization of sediments should be developed and implemented, e.g. using bioremediation processes.

PL

W pracy dokonano oceny stopnia akumulacji kadmu, chromu i niklu w osadach dużej oczyszczalni ścieków deszczowych. Obiekt zbiera spływy z powierzchni około 500 ha miasta Puławy (południowo-wschodnia Polska) i pod względem innowacyjności, przepustowości oraz pojemności retencyjnej wyróżnia się wśród innych krajowych rozwiązań tego typu. Podstawowymi elementami analizowanego ciągu technologicznego są: kraty, piaskowniki, osadnik i staw retencyjny. W oczyszczalni odbywa się wyłącznie przepływ grawitacyjny – możliwy dzięki zachowaniu odpowiednich spadków i różnic rzędnych den poszczególnych urządzeń. W trakcie przepływu zachodzą fizyczne, chemiczne i biologiczne procesy samooczyszczania. Osady ściekowe pobierano za pomocą próbnika Beeker firmy Eijkelkamp. Materiał o nienaruszonej strukturze pozyskiwano z dna poszczególnych obiektów oczyszczalni z warstwy 0-10 cm. Zawartość kadmu oznaczano w plazmie za pomocą kwadrupolowego selektora mas oraz detektora jonowego. Natomiast zawartość chromu i niklu oznaczano metodą spektrometrii absorpcji atomowej ze wzbudzeniem w płomieniu acetylen-powietrze. Zawartości metali śladowych w osadach cechuje stosunkowo duże zróżnicowanie. Przyczyną mogą być odmienne warunki hydrauliczne panujące w poszczególnych urządzeniach – przede wszystkim prędkości przepływu cieczy. W efekcie następuje sekwencyjna sedymentacja różnych frakcji zawiesiny, a wraz z nią zaadsorbowanych metali. Duże znaczenie może mieć sposób użytkowania powierzchni odwadnianych. Największe stężenia badanych zanieczyszczeń obserwowano w części oczyszczalni zasilanej spływami z głównych ulic miasta. Najmniej zanieczyszczone były osady ze stawu retencyjnego, z którego ścieki oczyszczone odpływają do starorzecza Wisły. W piaskownikach, w puli analizowanych metali największy udział wykazuje Cr (54-60%). Natomiast w osadniku i stawie retencyjnym zdecydowanie dominuje Ni (kolejno 64 i 80%). Udział Cd mieści się w granicach 0,02-0,7%. W porównaniu z wynikami uzyskiwanymi przez innych autorów, stopień akumulacji metali śladowych w osadach nie jest wysoki. Ich obecność w obszarze badań prawdopodobnie wiąże się z funkcjonowaniem transportu drogowego oraz spalaniem paliw w celach energetycznych. Pewna pula metali może uwalniać się z różnych elementów, wchodzących w skład infrastruktury technicznej. Mimo, że nie stwierdzono w badanych osadach niepokojąco wysokich zawartości metali ciężkich, ich jakość powinna być stale monitorowana. Miasto rozwija się dynamicznie i nie można wykluczyć pojawiania się kolejnych potencjalnych źródeł zanieczyszczeń (m.in. wzrost powierzchni uszczelnionych i natężenia ruchu, tworzenie nowych zakładów produkcyjnych i usługowych). W przypadku wzrostu stężeń metali należy opracować i wdrożyć skuteczną metodę neutralizacji osadów, np. z wykorzystaniem procesów bioremediacji.

12

Microbial air contamination on the premises of the sewage treatment plant in Bydgoszcz (Poland) and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus spp.

Małecka-Adamowicz M., Kubera Ł., Donderski W., Kolet K.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2017

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Vol. 43, no. 4

58--65

EN

The study was aimed at evaluating microbial contamination on the premises of the sewage treatment plant by determining the concentrations of selected groups of airborne microorganisms. Another objective was to determine the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated strains of staphylococci. The research was conducted in a seasonal cycle, by the impaction method using Merck MAS-100 air sampler. Samples were collected at six sites, each representing a different stage of sewage treatment. The susceptibility of isolated staphylococci was assessed with the disc-diffusion method, following the recommendations of the EUCAST. The results indicate that the microbial population in the air of the investigated area was dominated by mold fungi, whose highest average concentration was recorded at site IV located near the final clarifier (7672 CFU•m-3). Heterotrophic bacteria and mannitol-positive staphylococci were the most numerous at locations where sewage undergoes primary treatment. In each subseuqent stage the number of microorganisms emitted into the air from the sewage was lower. Antibiograms show that more than 50% of Staphylococcus spp. exhibited resistance to penicillin and 20% to rifampicin. In addition, 90% of the analyzed strains were sensitive to other antibiotics. The fungal community included the following genera: Cladosporium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, and Acremonium.The highest air contamination with all studied groups of microorganisms was recorded at the locations where mechanical sewage treatment was performed. During the subsequent stages lower numbers of heterotrophic bacteria were emitted into the air. The air in the investigated sewage treatment plant did not contain multidrug-resistant staphylococci.

PL

Celem pracy była ocena stopnia mikrobiologicznego zanieczyszczenia powietrza na terenie oczyszczalni ścieków, określonego na podstawie liczebności wybranych grup drobnoustrojów oraz ocena wrażliwości wyizolowanych szczepów gronkowców na wybrane antybiotyki, co pozwoliło określić stopień ich antybiotykooporności. Badania przeprowadzono w cyklu sezonowym, przy użyciu metody zderzeniowej za pomocą próbnika MAS-100 Merck. Próbki pobierane były z 6 stanowisk badawczych zlokalizowanych w miejscach reprezentujących poszczególne etapy oczyszczania ścieków. Lekowrażliwość wyizolowanych gronkowców oceniano metodą dyfuzyjno-krążkową zgodnie z rekomendacjami EUCAST. Analizy wykazały, że wśród mikrobiota powietrza najliczniej występowały grzyby pleśniowe osiągając maksimum liczebności na stanowisku IV zlokalizowanym przy osadniku wtórnym radialnym (7672 CFU•m-3). Bakterie heterotroficzne i gronkowce mannitolododatnie najliczniej występowały w miejscach wstępnego etapu oczyszczania ścieków. Wraz z zaawansowaniem procesów oczyszczania, ścieki emitowały do powietrza atmosferycznego coraz mniejszą ilość mikroorganizmów. Na podstawie antybiogramów stwierdzono, że ponad 50% badanych szczepów Staphylococcus spp. wykazywała oporność wobec penicyliny i 20% wobec rifampicyny, natomiast 90% analizowanych szczepów było wrażliwych na pozostałe antybiotyki. Wśród grzybów pleśniowych w powietrzu na terenie oczyszczalni ścieków odnotowano grzyby z rodzaju: Cladosporium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium i Acremonium. Największym zanieczyszczeniem powietrza, w przypadku wszystkich badanych grup mikroorganizmów, charakteryzowały się stanowiska zlokalizowane w miejscach odpowiedzialnych za część mechaniczną procesu oczyszczania ścieków. Wraz z zaawansowaniem procesów oczyszczania, ścieki emitowały do powietrza atmosferycznego coraz mniejszą ilość bakterii heterotroficznych. Na terenie oczyszczalni ścieków nie stwierdzono rozprzestrzeniania się szczepów gronkowców wielolekoopornych.

13

Bioaerozol wokół oczyszczalni ścieków

Nowakowicz-Dębek B., Krukowski K., Drążyk P., Trawińska B., Wlazło Ł., Pawłowski B., Petkiewicz J.

Ekologia i Technika

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2013

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R. 21, nr 3

122--126

PL

Celem pracy była ocena sanitarna powietrza wokół oczyszczalni ścieków. Badania bioaerozolu przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem impaktora w wokół oczyszczalni ścieków. Próby pobierano dwukrotnie w dwóch okresach w trzech punktach pomiarowych. Analiza uzyskanych wyników pozwoliła ustalić, że powietrze wokół tego obiektu było nieznacznie zanieczyszczone. Wśród identyfikowanej mikoflory stwierdzano obecność grzybów pleśniowych głównie z rodzaju: Aspergillus sp.. Pénicillium sp. Cladosporium sp., Mucor sp. i Rhizopus sp.

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the air around the sanitary sewage treatment plant. Bioaerosol tests were carried out in around treatment plants around the using microbial air sampler. Samples were taken twice in two periods in the three measuring points. Analysis of results allowed to determine that the air around the object was slightly polluted. Among the identified micofiora identified the presence of mold fungi mainly of the genus Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp, Cladosporium sp., Mucor sp. and Rhizopus sp.

14

Analiza pracy oczyszczalni ścieków w Sokołowie Małopolskim

Masłoń A., Tomaszek J.A.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2013

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z. 60, nr 3

193--207

PL

Przedmiotem opracowania jest analiza pracy oczyszczalni ścieków w Sokołowie Małopolskim. Mechanicznobiologiczna oczyszczalnia ścieków w Sokołowie Małopolskim została uruchomiona w 1994 r., a następnie w 2004 r. poddana modernizacji. Projektowana średniodobowa przepustowość wynosi Qsrd=1200 m3∙d-1, a równoważna liczba mieszkańców stanowi 10000 RLM. Aktualnie oczyszczalnia ścieków obsługuje ok. 8700 mieszkańców. Ciąg technologiczny obiektu stanowikrata schodkowa, piaskownik pionowy, komora osadu czynnego oraz osadniki wtórne. Technologia przeróbki osadów ściekowych obejmuje z kolei zagęszczanie grawitacyjne, odwadnianie mechaniczne oraz składowanie na poletku osadowym. W okresie od stycznia 2009 do grudnia 2010 roku oczyszczalnia w Sokołowie Małopolskim pracowała w zmiennych warunkach obciążeń hydraulicznych. Średni przepływ dla rozpatrywanego okresu wynosił 1099,6 m3∙d-1. Najmniej ścieków dopływało do oczyszczalni w październiku 2009 r. (645,0 m3∙d-1), a najwięcej (1404,0 m3∙d-1) w styczniu 2010 roku. Analiza dostępnych wyników badań wykazała prawidłową pracę oczyszczalni ścieków oraz efektywne usuwanie zanieczyszczeń. Podczas dwuletniej eksploatacji oczyszczalni w Sokołowie Młp. nie zaobserwowano nieprawidłowości pracy kolejnych stopni oczyszczania. W rozpatrywanym okresie jakość ścieków oczyszczonych odpowiadała warunkom określonym w pozwoleniu wodnoprawnym. Średnia efektywność usunięcia zanieczyszczeń ze ścieków określonych wskaźnikami wyniosła: BZT5 – 97,9%, ChZT – 93,1%, zawiesina og. – 95,9%, Nog – 92,9%, Pog – 90,9%. Oczyszczalnia w Sokołowie Młp., mimo że nie jest zobowiązana do usuwania związków biogennych ze ścieków, to posiada znaczący potencjał w zakresie zintegrowanego usuwania C, N i P ze ścieków, czego przejawem są wyniki jakościowe ścieków oczyszczonych. Równocześnie określone wskaźniki niezawodności potwierdzają wysokosprawne i niezawodne funkcjonowanie technologiczne oczyszczalni ścieków.

EN

The aim of the paper is the evaluation of wastewater treatment plants in Sokołów Małopolski. Mechanical-biological treatment plant in Sokołów Małopolski was launched in 1994 and then it was modernized in 2004. The proposed average daily capacity is Qsrd=1200 m3∙d-1 and population equivalent is 10000 PE. Currently WWTP serves around 8,700 inhabitants. Technological line of wastewater treatment is a step screen, a grit vertical, an activated sludge reactor and secondary clarifiers. Technology of processing sewage sludge includes gravity thickening, mechanical dewatering and storage on residual sub-plot. The WWTP in Sokołów Małopolski worked under varying conditions of hydraulic loads in the period from January 2009 to December 2010. The average flow of raw wastewater amounted to 1099,6 m3∙d-1. Least wastewater flowing into WWTP was in October 2009 (645,0 m3∙d-1) and the highest in January 2010 (1404,0 m3∙d-1). Conducted investigations in the paper showed in the analyzed period the correct work of the WWTP and the high efficiency of pollutions removal. The quality of treated wastewater answers definite conditions in water-legal permit. The mean removal of pollutants definite coefficients was: BOD5 – 97,9%, COD – 93,1%, TSS– 95,9%, TN – 92,9% and TP – 90,9%. The WWTP in Sokołów Młp has considerable potential for integrated removal of C, N and P, although it isn’t required for the removal of nutrients from wastewater. Additionally, the technological reliability indicators confirm high-performance and reliable operation of the WWTP in Sokołów Małopolski.

15

The influence of sewage sludge processing in wastewater treatment plant on the heavy metals contents

Tytła M., Widziewicz K.

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2013

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Vol. 6, no. 2

43--48

EN

This paper presents results of metals content analysis in sewage sludge from Kędzierzyn-Koźle wastewater treatment plant. The aim of this study was to determine metals contents in the following stages of sludge treatment process. Quantitative analysis of metals concentration in the sludge system is an important information for technologists about the preferable direction of sludge management. Sewage sludge samples were taken at five processing stages. The analysis was carried out by means of atomic absorption spectrometry technique (AAS). The average content of Na, K, Ca, Mg in each sampling points ranged from 24999.2 mg/kgTS to 41815.6 mg/kgTS, whereas for heavy metals Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu total contents ranged from 894.5 mg/kgTS to 2191.2 mg/kgTS. The highest concentration of metals was detected in primary settling tank and the lowest after dewatering process. Cr and Hg concentrations were below the detection limit. The concentration of trace elements in stabilized sludge did not exceed the limit values for heavy metals defined in the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment concerning municipal sewage sludge of 13th August 2010.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zawartości metali w osadach ściekowych pochodzących z oczyszczalni ścieków w Kędzierzynie-Koźlu. Celem pracy było określenie zawartości metali na kolejnych punktach przeróbki osadów ściekowych. Analiza ilościowa stężeń metali w ciągu przeróbki osadów jest istotną informacją dla technologów w kontekście kierunku ich zagospodarowania. Osady pobierano z pięciu etapów procesu przeróbki. Oznaczenia wykonano techniką absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej (AAS). Całkowita zawartość Na, K, Ca i Mg w poszczególnych punktach poboru osadów wahała się w zakresie 24999.2 mg/kgsm do 41815.6 mg/kgsm, natomiast w przypadku metali ciężkich Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu wartości te były na poziomie 894.5 mg/kgsm do 2191.2 mg/kgsm. Stężenia chromu i rtęci były poniżej granicy detekcji. Największe zawartości metali ciężkich odnotowano w osadniku wstępnym, natomiast najniższą po procesie odwadniania. Stężenie metali ciężkich w osadzie ustabilizowanym nie przekroczyło wartości dopuszczalnych określonych w Rozporządzeniu Ministra Środowiska w sprawie komunalnych osadów ściekowych z 13 sierpnia 2010 r.

16

Oznaczanie fosforu w ściekach

Wiejak A.

Prace Instytutu Techniki Budowlanej

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2012

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R. 41, nr 2

11-19

PL

Zawartość fosforu jest jednym z parametrów kontrolowanych podczas określania skuteczności oczyszczania ścieków przez małe domowe oczyszczalnie. Przedmiotem badań opisanych w artykule było wybranie optymalnych parametrów metody oznaczania fosforu ogólnego po utlenianiu nadtlenodwusiarczanem oraz wyznaczenie stopnia redukcji fosforu w ściekach oczyszczonych z małej przydomowej oczyszczalni ścieków zainstalowanej pod Łodzią i drugiej, znajdującej się na terenie ITB.

EN

Content of phosphorus is one of the parameters monitored during determination of effectiveness of small, household-based sewage treatment plants. The subject of tests described in this paper was to select the optimal parameters for determination of total phosphorus after peroxodisulfate oxidation and the calculation of phosphorus reduction index in treated sewage from household-based sewage treatment plant near Łódź and the other located in ITB.

17

Wpływ wód przypadkowych na jakość ścieków oczyszczonych odprowadzanych do odbiornika podczas pogody mokrej

Kaczor G., Bugajski P.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2012

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Nr 8

334-337

PL

Celem badań było wykazanie, czy dopływające do kanalizacji sanitarnej, podczas pogody mokrej, wody przypadkowe wpływają negatywnie na jakość ścieków odprowadzanych do odbiornika po procesie ich oczyszczania. Do badań wybrano cztery oczyszczalnie ścieków, o przepustowości hydraulicznej od 225 do 565 m3-d-1, zlokalizowane w powiecie krakowskim, w województwie małopolskim. Analizowano wartości BZT5, ChZT oraz zawiesiny ogólnej w ściekach surowych oraz oczyszczonych podczas pogody bezdeszczowej oraz w okresie opadów atmosferycznych. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że w przypadku czterech analizowanych mechaniczno-biologicznych oczyszczalni ścieków, opartych na otwartych reaktorach przepływowych, dopływy do kanalizacji wód przypadkowych podczas pogody mokrej nie wpływały na wzrost w ściekach oczyszczonych wartości analizowanych wskaźników zanieczyszczeń.

EN

The aim of this study was to demonstrate whether infiltration and inflow into the sewerage system during wet weather have negative effect on the quality of sewage disposed into the receiver after their treatment process. The research was conducted in four sewage treatment plants with hydraulic capacity from 225 to 565 m3 d-1, located in krakowski poviat, Lesser Poland voivodeship. The values of BOD5, COD and total suspended solids were analyzed in raw and treated sewage during dry weather and during precipitation. The conducted research revealed that in the case of the four analyzed mechanical-biological sewage treatment plants, that operate based on an open-flow reactor, the infiltration and inflow into the sewerage system during wet weather did not cause the increase in the values of the analyzed sewage pollution indexes in treated sewage.

18

Processing of sewage sludge with energy recovery in a wastewater treatment plant

Sadecka Z., Weiss E., Myszograj S.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 38, nr 3

97--105

EN

Sewage sludge management in wastewater treatment plants is an important and very current issue. The paper presents an example of a well-resolved technological process of re-use and management of sewage sludge according to operating data from the Gubin-Guben wastewater treatment plant. The sewage sludge is subjected to methane fermentation process with biogas recovery. Electricity obtained from the biogas at 55%, and the produced heat in 100% covers the treatment plant energy demand. Physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of stabilized sludges indicate the possibility of their use in natural and agricultural area.

19

Fuzzy models of the biological-chemical processes in the west-water treatment plant

Szabat K., Kowalski C. J

Computer Applications in Electrical Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 8

230--241

EN

In the work issues related to control of the electrical blowers installed in the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) are demonstrated. After a short introduction a description of a real treatment plant is presented. Then the main sewage drives are described. Next the commonly used control strategies for the biological-chemical process are presented. The model ASM1 of the biological chemical transformation used in the advanced MPC (model predictive control) strategy is introduced. Then the fuzzy system based on the TSK model is presented. The ability of the TSK fuzzy system to estimate the biological-chemical variables are demonstrated.

20

Transformations of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil planted with willow irrigated with wastewater

Kotowska U., Włodarczyk T., Brzezińska M.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2007

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Vol. 33, no. 2

67-78

EN

The objective of the study was to determine the possibility of using organic soil under willow for waste-water purification of excess nitrate and phosphates, and to estimate the applicability of redox potential for the assessment of transformation of nitrogen compounds in the soil under study. The study showed the suitability of organic soil and willow for wastewater purification under the conditions of the "Hajdów" experimental object. Also, significant relationships were shown between redox potential and nitrogen transformation occurring in soil irrigated with wastewater after 21"1 stage of treatment.

PL

Celem pracy było określenie możliwości wykorzystania gleby organicznej w uprawie wierzby do oczyszczania ścieków z nadmiaru azotanów i fosforanów oraz określenie przydatności potencjału redoks do oceny przemian związków azotowych w badanej glebie. Wykazano przydatność gleby organicznej w uprawie wierzby w procesie oczyszczania ścieków w warunkach obiektu doświadczalnego "Hajdów". Wyznaczono również istotne zależności pomiędzy potencjałem oksydoredukcyjnym a przemianami azotu zachodzącymi w glebie nawadnianej ściekami po drugim stopniu oczyszczenia.