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Occurrence of Cadmium in Herbs Growing on Grassland Located Near the Highway

Jankowska J., Ciepiela G., Kolczarek R., Jankowski K.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

2011

Vol. 18, nr 11

1425-1432

The aim of this work is to determine the level of impurity by cadmium selected species of dicotyledonous plants to which belong the herbs collected from permanent grassland located near a highway. Chosen herbs were collected from the grasslands located near the international rout E-30 near Siedlce. Such herbs as common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.), greater plantain (Plantago maior L.) and garden sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.) were picked up. The plant material was taken from the distance 2; 10; 30 and 50 m from the wayside ditch. Shoots of plants (stems and leaves) were separated from underground parts (roots and rhizome) and then they were dried them and grinded. Crumbled material in 5 g samples was put through mineralization at a temp. 450 oC. Samples prepared like that were put in to the solution with 10 cm3 of 10 % HCl and added distilled water to the volume 50 cm3. The content of cadmium in received solutions was determined using the AAS method. The concentration of the cadmium content in shoots and in underground parts systematically decreased in the measure of dismissing from the source of pollution in all studied plants. Independently from the place of the gathering of the plant material, the most cadmium was accumulated by the common dandelion in the shoots (0.24 mg kg–1 d.m.), however the smallest concentration of cadmium in studied herbs was in the underground parts of garden sorrel (0.09 mg kg–1 d.m.) independently from the place of gathering.

Celem pracy jest określenie stopnia zanieczyszczenia kadmem wybranych gatunków roślin dwuliściennych, do których należą m.in. zioła zbierane z trwałych użytków zielonych znajdujących się przy trasie szybkiego ruchu. Wybrane zioła zbierano z użytków zielonych przy międzynarodowej trasie E-30 w pobliżu Siedlec. Zbierano takie zioła, jak: mniszek pospolity (Taraxacum officinale L.), babkę zwyczajną (Plantiago major L.) i szczaw zwyczajny (Rumex acetosa L.). Materiał roślinny pobrano z odległości 2; 10; 30 i 50 m od przydrożnego rowu. Następnie oddzielono części nadziemne roślin (łodygi i liście) od części podziemnych (korzeni i kłączy), po czym wysuszono je i zmielono. Rozdrobniony materiał w 5 g próbkach poddano mineralizacji w temp. 450 oC. Tak przygotowane próbki przeprowadzono w roztwór z 10 cm3 10 % HCl i uzupełniono wodą destylowaną do objętości 50 cm3. W otrzymanych roztworach oznaczono zawartość kadmu za pomocą metody AAS. Stężenie zawartości kadmu zarówno w częściach nadziemnych, jak i podziemnych systematycznie zmniejszało się w miarę oddalania od źródła zanieczyszczenia we wszystkich badanych roślinach. Niezależnie od miejsca poboru materiału roślinnego najwięcej kadmu kumuluje mniszek pospolity w częściach nadziemnych (0,24 mg kg-1 s.m.), natomiast najmniejsze stężenie kadmu w badanych ziołach niezależnie od miejsca pobierania było w częściach podziemnych szczawiu zwyczajnego (0,09 mg kg-1 s.m.).

Planowanie i realizacja tras szybkiego ruchu i autostrad na przykładzie Niemiec

Więckowicz K.

Architektura Krajobrazu

2003

nr 1-2

80-87

In European Union programs regarding environment protection it was repeatedly stressed that the best policy against the natural environment is prevention or simply avoiding its degradation instead of later fights with a negative influence on it. In 1990 it was materialized in the act about valuation of the influence on the environment (so called UVPG). This guideline is diversely interpreted and exerted in various EU membership countries. The case study presents a German example of introducing it into life. In Germany, in land use planning as well as during design of communication routes the conventional technical project expands to new assignments, so called "commentaries to the project from the point of view of landscape protection". While designing more than regional routes such case studies constitute an integral part of the technical project and, what is connected with it, they come into binding force and are elements of documentation which the Investor is obliged to effectuate while formulating and validating the investment. Those assignments have been creating quite a new area of operation for landscape architects. On account of their qualifications and education ranging to ecological, planning, urban and architectonic aspects they can carry out case studies in a complex way, valuate interactions of protected goods, turn in architectonic and technological solutions with help of which it is possible to avoid or weaken the negative influence on the environment. In the process of education of landscape architects it is essential in future to pay special attention to putting stress on knowledge from the domains of ecology, landscape planning, urbanity and various industry coordination as well as on classical assignments for this professional group.