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1

The method for extracting defect levels in the MCT multilayer low-bandgap heterostructures

Majkowycz Kinga, Małgorzata Kopytko, Murawski Krzysztof, Martyniuk Piotr

Opto-Electronics Review

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2024

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Vol. 32, No. 1

art. no. e149182

EN

A method for defects extraction for a mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) multilayer low-bandgap heterostructure is presented. The N⁺/T/p/T/P⁺/n⁺ epitaxial layer was deposited on a GaAs substrate by a metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). The absorber was optimized for a cut-off wavelength of 𝜆𝑐=6 μm at 230 K. Deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements were conducted for the isolated junctions of the N⁺/T/p/T/P⁺/n⁺ heterostructure. Three localised point defects were extracted within the p-type active layer. Two of them were identified as electron traps and one as a hole trap, respectively.

2

Characterizing Stable and Deriving Valid Inequalities of Petri Nets

Triebel M., Sürmeli J.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2016

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Vol. 146, nr 1

1--34

EN

One way to express correctness of a Petri net N is to specify a linear inequality U, requiring each reachable marking of N to satisfy U. A linear inequality U is stable if it is preserved along steps. If U is stable, then verifying correctness reduces to checking U in the initial marking of N. In this paper, we characterize classes of stable linear inequalities of a given Petri net by means of structural properties. We generalize classical results on traps, co-traps, and invariants. We show how to decide stability of a given inequality. For a certain class of inequalities, we present a polynomial time decision procedure. Furthermore, we show that stability is a local property and exploit this for the analysis of asynchronously interacting open net structures. Finally, we study the summation of inequalities as means of deriving valid inequalities.

3

Luminescencja izolatorów ceramicznych sieci energetycznych średnich napięć

Sobota R., Mandowski A., Mandowska E.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2012

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Vol. 53, nr 11

109-111

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów termoluminescencji (TL) izolatorów ceramicznych sieci energetycznych średnich napięć. Materiał do badań pobrano z izolatorów pracujących wiele lat. Badano próbki pochodzące z różnych części izolatora. Zmierzono termoluminescencję naturalną oraz po napromienieniu promieniowaniem beta. W obu przypadkach otrzymano wyraźne piki termoluminescencyjne, powiązane ze strukturą defektową ceramiki.

EN

The paper presents results of thermoluminescence (TL) measurements of ceramic insulators of medium-power energy networks. Samples for the measurements were taken from insulators working many years. The samples under study originated from different parts of insulator. Thermoluminescence was measured for natural samples as well as beta-irradiated. In both cases pronounced thermoluminescence peaks were obtained, related to defect structure of the ceramics.

4

Investigation of crystalline structure defects in high-resistance monocrystals of gallium selenide

Allakhverdiev K., Bikbajevas V., Grivickas V., Odrinski A., Guseinova D., Salaev E., Tarasik M., Fedotov A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2010

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R. 86, nr 7

208-210

EN

The trapping centres in E-GaSe single crystals have been investigated by photo-induced current transient spectroscopy (PICTS). Five traps have been detected and their parameters are presented. It has been demonstrated that photo-induced depolarization oh the sample after processing in the frame of DLTS procedure could be used for determination of the traps parameters. The parameters of trap A5 obtained from PICTS and photo-induced depolarization relaxation are in close agreement.

PL

Badano centra pułapkowe w pojedynczych kryształach E-GaSe metodą niestacjonarnej spektroskopii fotoprądowej (PICTS). Wykryto pięć pułapek, których parametry zaprezentowano. Wykazano, że foto-indukowana depolaryzacja próbki po zastosowaniu spektroskopii niestacjonarnej pojemności (DLTS) może być użyta do określenia parametrów pułapek, Parametry pułapki A5 otrzymane przy pomocy PICTS oraz DLTS wykazują wysoki stopień zgodności.

5

Mobilny system wykrywania zagrożeń radiacyjnych przy użyciu mikrodetektorów OSL

Mandowski A., Mandowska E., Kokot L., Bilski P., Olko P., Marczewska B.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2010

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Vol. 51, nr 2

136-138

PL

W artykule omówiono podstawowe idee luminescencyjnej dozymetrii promieniowania jonizującego. Od wielu już lat wykorzystywano w tym celu zjawisko termoluminescencji (TL). Najnowszą, a zarazem najbardziej obiecującą formą jest dozymetria wykorzystująca zjawisko optycznie stymulowanej luminescencji (OSL). Brak elementów grzejnych pozwala na miniaturyzację czytnika. Detektor promieniowania jest elementem pasywnym, niewymagającym zasilania ani jakiejkolwiek innej elektroniki. Możliwe jest więc jego zmniejszenie do rozmiarów rzędu milimetra.

EN

This paper describes basic ideas of luminescence dosimetry of ionizing radiation. For these purposes, since many years, the phenomenon of thermoluminescence (TL) was used. The newest, and the most promising form is optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry. The lack of heating elements allows miniaturization of the OSL reader. Radiation detector is a passive element, which does not require power supply as well as other electronic parts. Therefore, it is possible to shrink its size down to the order of 1 mm.

6

Identyfikacja strukturalno-litofacjalnych pułapek gazu ziemnego w mioceńskich osadach strefy brzeżnej zapadliska przedkarpackiego

Leginowicz A., Wajda-Karpoluk B.

Prace Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2008

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nr 150 wydanie konferencyjne

327--332

PL

Północno-wschodnia część zapadliska przedkarpackiego jest jednym z najbardziej interesujących obszarów Polski południowej pod względem poszukiwań węglowodorów. Rejon Aleksandrowa uważany jest za strefę brzeżną zapadliska przedkarpackiego, co ma duży wpływ na zróżnicowanie osadów badenu i sarmatu. Kompleks piaskowcowo-łupkowy utworów sarmatu charakteryzuje się dużą zmiennością litofacjalną, a pakiety piaskowcowcowe izolowane od góry łupkami ilastymi i iłowcami posiadają dobre właściwości kolektorskie dla akumulacji gazu ziemnego. W badanym rejonie na postawie badań sejsmicznych i geofizyki wiertnicznej wydzielono litofacje oraz omówiono pułapki strukturalne związane z anomalnymi miejscami typu bright spot.

EN

The most interesting area in respect of hydrocarbon exploration is north-east part of the Carpathian Foredeep. The Aleksandrów area is situated in marginal zone of the Carpathian Foredeep what infer a great diversity of Badenian and Sarmatian deposits. Sandstone-shale complex of Sarmatian sedimentation is characterized by lithofacial variability what may lead to gas accumulation. In investigated area, on the base of seismic surveys, well logs and drill cores, lithofacies were separated and structural traps, bright spots areas pointed out and discussed.

7

Up-to-date discoveries and perspectives for hydrocarbon exploration in the Upper Jurassic formations of the Polish Carpathian foreland

Gliniak P.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

258-260

EN

A number of hydrocarbon accumulations with recoverable reserves ca. 6.5 million tons of oil equivalent, e.g. Grobla, Pławowice, Łąkta, Tarnów-Jurassic, Dąbrowa Tarnowska, Smęgorzów, Gruszów, Partynia-Podborze, Korzeniow, traped within the epicontinental Upper Jurassic formations have been discovered so far in the Polish Carpathian foreland and the Carpathian basement (Fig 1). The traps are of combined structural and stratigraphic type. Reservoir rock types are found to vary between matrix-dominated porous rocks to dual-porosity and dual-permeability rocks and from porous fractured to entirely fractured rocks. The types of reservoir rocks could ultimately be linked to sediment type, diagenetic processes, and position in the basin. Location of hydrocarbon accumulation is strictly connected with fault systems developed within the Mesozoic formations. The traps are sealed by Miocene claystones-mudstones and/or Upper Cretaceous marls. Results of recently carried out analysis of the petroleum system, especially identification of sufficient source rocks combined with effective geochemical and thermodynamic conditions for hydrocarbon generation and migration, indicate that there are still perspectives for further oil and gas discoveries within the Mesozoic formations, especially the Upper Jurassic ones. Using modern techniques of geophysical and geological data acquisition, integration and interpretation, like e.g. modeling of seismic images by artificial neural networks, is crucial for further successful exploration. It enables us for identification and classification of different genetically hydrocarbon traps. Interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic images is carried out using several additional procedures connected with PAL and RAVE applications of the Landmark Inc. software package. Also, additional analysis of seismic data based on differentiation of frequency image for particular objects like Fourier & Karhunen-Loeve transformations and spectral decomposition is used. Recently, a detailed facies and stratigraphic analysis of the Mesozoic formations of the Carpathian foreland resulted in defining some new possibilities of finding hydrocarbon fields within traps of a combined stratigraphic and tectonic type. Existing fields were used as case stories for identification of criteria for finding new prospective traps. Taking into account regional tectono-stratigraphic model of evolution of the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentary basin gives a perspective for further successful exploration in the areas formerly regarded as non-prospective.

8

Algorytm równoległy wyznaczania blokad i pułapek w sieciach Petriego

Węgrzyn A.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2006

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R. 52, nr 6 bis

23-25

PL

W artykule została przedstawiona metoda równoległa wyznaczania blokad i pułapek w sieciach Petriego. Metoda ta bazuje na sekwencyjnym algorytmie obliczania zbiorów blokad i pułapek opisanym w [15]. Sekwencyjna metoda ma złożoność obliczeniową wykładniczą, dlatego istotna jest modyfikacja algorytmu w ten sposób, aby czas obliczania zdecydowanie zredukować. Rozpatrywana metoda wykorzystuje algorytm Thelena [13] - wyznaczania implikantów prostych na podstawie generowania i przeszukiwania drzewa.

EN

In the paper the method of computation all deadlocks and traps in the Petri net is presented. This method is based on Thelen method [13] and it was proposed in [15]. Methods of calculation of all deadlocks and traps in Petri nets are very time consuming. Therefore it is very important to optimize of a computation. The parallel computation method for the time reduction is proposed. Experimental results of presented method are discussed, as well.

9

Contribution of dipolar species to the formation of local states for charge carriers in molecular materials

Sworakowski J., Nespurek S.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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1998

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Vol. 72, nr 2

163-171

EN

Effect of polar impurities on transport of charge carriers in non-polar molecular materials is reviewed. The presence of such species gives rise to structural traps. Calculations of local values of the polarization energy in the vicinity of dipolar defect show that traps as deep as several tenths of eV are created. If the polar impurity molecule can act as a trap itself, at high fields one may expect a dipole analogue of the Poole-Frenkel effect, the lowering of the trap depth following, however, a different dependence on the biasing electric field: Delta Et alpha F2/3. Moreover, the dipole-charge interactions contribute to the broadening of local transport states density in disordered materials.