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1

Semi-Markov approach for reliability modelling of light utility vehicles

Oszczypała Mateusz, Ziółkowski Jarosław, Małachowski Jerzy

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2023

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Vol. 25, no. 2

art. no. 161859

EN

Vehicles are important elements of military transport systems. Semi-Markov processes, owing to the generic assumption form, are a useful tool for modelling the operation process of numerous technical objects and systems. The suggested approach is an extension of existing stochastic methods employed for a wide spectrum of technical objects; however, research on light utility vehicles complements the subject gap in the scientific literature. This research paper discusses the 3-state semi-Markov model implemented for the purposes of developing reliability analyses. Based on an empirical course of the operation process, the model was validated in terms of determining the conditional probabilities of interstate transitions for an embedded Markov chain, as well as parameters of time distribution functions. The Laplace transform was used to determine the reliability function, the failure probability density function, the failure intensity, and the expected time to failure. The readiness index values were calculated on ergodic probabilities.

2

Protection of the Environment in Terms of Functioning of Urban Transport. Literature Review

Ejdys Stanisław, Lasota Andrzej

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2022

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Tom 24

481--492

EN

Environmental protection, as rational shaping of the environment, management of environmental resources following the principle of sustainable development, and counteracting pollution, is integrally related to the urban area. Therefore, most activities and initiatives are aimed at environmental protection in the cities, which are the living environment for half of the world’s population. Therefore, the necessary action is to reduce the impact of urban transport on the environment. In particular, increased road traffic in urban areas is a constant increase in pollutants introduced into the environment in the form of solid, liquid and gaseous substances, harmful to people, the environment and spatial structures. One such negative impact of transport is the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. In the process of limiting it, actions are taken to shape urban transport systems and the mobility of city residents. In order to identify individual processes that are components of these activities, literature research was carried out, the results of which are presented in the article.

3

Estimation of critical gaps and follow-up times at median uncontrolled T-intersection

Barchański Adrian, Żochowska Renata

Archives of Transport

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2021

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Vol. 60, iss. 4

105--124

EN

The efficiency of the entire transportation system depends on the capacity of the individual elements that make up the given network. Point-type elements of the road and street network include intersections of different types. Critical gaps and follow-up times related to individual movements are important determinants of the capacity of such objects. There are many ways to estimate such times. The article discusses the assumptions and scheme one of them - the Siegloch method. The objective of the article is to analyze the process of determining critical gaps and follow-up times at the median uncontrolled T-intersections that are rare in the road and street network and have been studied to a limited extent. The commonly used HCM, HBS, and Polish (MOP SBS) methods in their current form do not consider the specificity of such intersections and thus may not give reliable results. Due to their characteristics in terms of geometry conditions, there is a need for an individual approach to estimate both critical gaps and follow-up times. The article contains the results of empirical research conducted on a selected real object in the Upper Silesian agglomeration in Poland. The intersection under study is located in one of the central districts of Katowice city, in the built-up area serving commercial and service functions. The analysis of the behavior of individual drivers waiting for the possibility to continue driving was conducted separately for each minor traffic movement. The values of critical gaps and follow-up times were determined for all four subordinate movements. The values obtained are different from those contained in the Polish manual, which is recommended for use. The research should be considered as pilot studies that justify the need to develop a separate approach to the estimation of the critical gaps and follow-up times at median uncontrolled T-intersections.

4

Analysis of the possibility of reducing external costs of transport within land-sea transport chains on the example of Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship, Poland

Montwiłł Andrzej, Pietrzak Krystian, Pietrzak Oliwia

Transport Problems

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2020

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T. 15, z. 4, cz. 2

179--190

EN

Land-sea transport chains constitute a key part of the Europe’s economy, as a significant part of its trade is carried out using sea transport. Transport, storage, or delivery processes carried out within these chains are characterized by specified economic and technical efficiency, which often does not take into consideration the external costs these processes generate. Therefore, there is a need for further changes in the European land-sea transport chains, the aim of which should be a further reduction of the negative influence of transport on the society and the environment, in accordance with the assumptions adopted under the EU's sustainable development policy. The article examines the land-sea freight transport chains in terms of the EU's sustainable development goals on the example of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship (ZV), Poland. The region was selected owing to two key factors. First, the transport chains across the region are typical for many European areas. Second, the region itself has experienced intensive development of the Transport, Shipping and Logistics (TSL) sector and a numer of changes in freight flows for several years. The main goal of the article was to identify the possibility of reducing external costs resulting from the use of combined transport solutions in ZV. Two case studies were analyzed for this purpose. In both of them, the assumed effect was the reduction of external costs of freight transport in ZV. The potential reduction of external costs generated by cargo transport in ZV was estimated on the basis of the European methodology in terms of the amount of external costs generated by individual modes and means of transport. The research showed that the implementation of combined transport in ZV can bring measurable benefits to the region. The analyses also allowed for the identification of technical and organizational activities that are crucial for ZV and make it possible to reduce negative transport effects.

5

The Importance of Telematics in the Transport System

Neumann T.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2018

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Vol. 12, no. 3

617--623

EN

Security mechanisms of a telematics system are exceedingly intersecting as they could pretend the ordinary influence of the vehicle and perhaps terminate in accidents. This paper includes a new look at automotive and telematics transportation systems, also refers to methods in modelling, facility location, data processing and assessment of risk in telematics networks.

6

Assessment of use of public transport in cities by elderly and disabled persons

Solecka Katarzyna, Figura Małgorzata

Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych

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2018

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Vol. 14, nr 2

64--75

EN

The public transport system is one of the key factors determining the economic and social development of modern cities, faced with the goal of providing convenient connections between different areas of the functional structure, i.e. ensuring high comfort and short travel time, while minimizing environmental impact. However, it is worth asking: is creating such a transport system possible, does it exclude certain social groups, and is it capable of satisfying the needs of all users? More and more modern planners and transportation engineers are facing this dilemma. According to many scientific publications, universal design is the answer, hence shaping public spaces and the transport systems with awareness of the diversity of the human collectivity in terms of sex, age, physical ability and health condition. Elderly people above 60 years of age and the disabled, who have various types of mental, physical and sensory dysfunctions, are at the greatest risk of social exclusion. These groups of people encounter many architectural and transportation barriers in their daily lives that make it impossi - ble for them to move freely, thus limiting their access to education, employment and culture. Only through analysis of the existing transport system, identification of transportation barriers, and the appropriate decisions to eliminate them can this exclusion be counteracted and a city without barriers be created – a free city where every resident can move easily, whether they are blind, hard of hearing or a wheelchair user. This article defines the concepts of elderly and disabled people and presents the barriers most frequently encountered in city transport systems. Moreover, guidelines for designing a transport system according to the needs of the analyzed group are proposed. The results of survey studies conducted in Oswiecim and Cracow concerning assessment of public transport and its adaptation to elderly and disabled people are a significant part of this article. Results and conclusions obtained from studies can be an inspiration for other cities that want to create a transport system adapted to the needs of the analysed group, however it is also worth remembering that shaping public spaces and transport “for everyone” is only possible by engaging all parties interested in the problem, i.e. above all, elderly and disabled people as well as city authorities, and then making every effort to reach a consensus between these groups.

7

Factors influencing the decision to implement an RFID system

Chudy-Laskowska K.

LogForum

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2018

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Vol. 14, no. 2

221--233

EN

Background: The RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) stands for a modern technique of wireless identification of objects, which at the present stage of development is frequently used in automated processes in various sectors of economic activity. Today, as technology more and more often surprises us with various solutions, one must constantly follow and invest in new technologies to stay afloat on the market and not fall behind. RFID technology is increasingly applied and implemented in businesses. Unfortunately, there are not many publications on the factors which influence the choice and implementation of new solutions in businesses. The purpose of this article is to identify factors which affect decisions in the process of implementing an RFID system. Methods: A literature review was performed concerning the implementation of RFID systems in businesses and factors which cause companies to introduce the new identification system. Questionnaire-based surveys were administered in 203 businesses operating on national and international market. Questions were asked about the motivation behind implementing new technologies. Statistical tests (chi square Pearson and analysis of variance (ANOVA)) as well as factor analysis were used in the study. It was also verified if business size, area of operations, introducing innovation, ownership of an identification system, participation of foreign capital and being part of a cluster had any effect on the assessment of factors which influence the purchase of an RFID system. Results: The findings suggest that for most entrepreneurs the key factor is streamlining the sales, storage and transport processes. In certain cases, such as micro-enterprises, the cost of system implementation is seen as the most significant factor. Socio-economic characteristics also affect the evaluation of the factors. Conclusion: The analysis provides manufacturers of RFID technologies with information on the expectations of the consumers and what motivates them in their decision to purchase an RFID system. The more capabilities offered by the system, the more it is desirable; the cost of purchase and implementation of the new technology is also quite salient.

PL

Wstęp: Technologia RFID jest coraz częściej stosowana i wdrażana w przedsiębiorstwach. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja uwarunkowań decyzyjnych w procesie wdrażania w przedsiębiorstwach systemu RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification). Metody: Dokonano przeglądu literatury na temat implementacji systemów RFID w przedsiębiorstwach oraz czynników, jakie powodują, że firmy decydują się na wprowadzenie nowego systemu identyfikacji. Przy pomocy ankiety przeprowadzono badania w 203 przedsiębiorstwach działających na rynku krajowym i międzynarodowym pytając, jakie powody skłaniają firmy do wprowadzania nowych technologii. Do badań wykorzystano testy statystyczne (chi kwadrat Pearsona oraz analizę wariancji ANOVA) i analizę czynnikową. Sprawdzono także czy wielkość przedsiębiorstwa, zasięg działania, wprowadzanie innowacji, posiadanie jakiegokolwiek systemu identyfikacji, rodzaj działalności, udział kapitału zagranicznego oraz udział w klastrze mają wpływ na ocenę czynników decydujących o zakupie systemu RFID. Wyniki: Badania wskazują, że dla większości przedsiębiorców najważniejszym czynnikiem jest usprawnianie procesów sprzedaży, magazynowania i transportu. W niektórych przypadkach jak w mikroprzedsiębiorstwach najwyżej ocenianym czynnikiem jest koszt wdrożenia systemu. Cechy socjoekonomiczne mają także wpływ na ocenę wskazanych czynników. Wnioski: Analiza wskazuje producentom technologii RFID jakie oczekiwania posiadają odbiorcy i co nimi kieruje w przypadku decyzji o zakupie systemu RFID. Im więcej możliwości posiada system tym jest bardziej pożądany, niemałe znaczenie mają także koszty zakupu i wdrożenia nowej technologii. W artykule zaprezentowano także wpływ wybranych cech (wielkości przedsiębiorstwa, zakresu działalności itp.) na ocenę wybranych czynników. Wyniki stanowią wkład w identyfikację otoczenia przedsiębiorstwa, które powoduje o decyzjach wprowadzania nowych technologii RFID.

8

Wykorzystanie metody wspomagania decyzji do oceny rozwiązań układu drogowego na przykładzie Gniezna

Kiciński M., Bieńczak M., Fierek S.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2018

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R. 19, nr 12

1078--1084

PL

W artykule przedstawiono przykład wykorzystania jednej z metod wielokryterialnego wspomagania decyzji do oceny potencjalnych rozwiązań (wariantów) systemu transportowego w związku z występowaniem ograniczeń przepustowości układu drogowego w rejonie ulic Cienista i Gajowa w Gnieźnie. Autorzy przedstawili główne etapy realizacji prac związanych z analizą sytuacji decyzyjnej, budową wariantów, identyfikacją interesariuszy. Z wykorzystaniem eksperckiego modelu preferencji oraz metody Electre III wykonano ranking finalny.

EN

The paper presents an example of using one of the methods of multi-criteria decision support to evaluate several potential solutions (variants) of the transport system in connection with the capacity limitations of the road system in the area of Cienista and Gajowa streets in Gniezno. The authors presented the main stages of their work involving the analysis of the decision-making situation, the construction of variants and the identification of stakeholders. The final ranking was prepared using the expert preference model and the Electre III method.

9

Analysis of the city transport system’s development strategy design principles with account of risks and specific features of spatial development

Makarova I., Shubenkova K., Gabsalikhova L.

Transport Problems

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2017

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T. 12, z. 1

125--138

EN

Transport system is the key indicator of sustainable spatial development, because if it is ineffective it can render the economy, the environment, and society vul-nerable. Despite the large number of already existing research, the city transportation sys-tem’s development strategy design is still a relevant objective, because the existing ways and strategies of the transport development may not always be applicable in certain cir-cumstances. This article presents the possible ways of improvement of sustainability of the city transportation systems adapted in accordance with the peculiarities of Russian cit-ies. It is stated that when working out a city transportation system’s development strategy it is necessary to take into account all possible risks. According to the case study of Na-berezhnye Chelny city, all vulnerabilities of the system that today are typical almost for all Russian cities were analyzed, classification of risks was made, and means of their con-trol were suggested. Solutions proposed as a result of the SWOT-analysis can be used when developing transport strategies for other cities with similar specificity.

10

Transport infrastructure development in China

Bouraima M. B., Qiu Y.

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2017

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Vol. 2, No. 1

29--39

EN

This paper reviews the historical configuration process of transportation systems in China and examines the relationship between economic development and transport system at three different levels. The current status of transport infrastructure system development in China is summarized at national and regional level. The investment trends for transport infrastructure in China are also depicted. The keys issues relating to government initiatives are presented.

11

Transport systems telematics, Cuba case study

Suárez D., Szpytko J.

Archives of Transport System Telematics

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2017

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Vol. 10, iss. 4

38--41

EN

The result expansive development in urban and suburban areas have put in a difficult situation in terms of sustainable development, where pollution, traffic congestion and accidents, the strong negative external impact on the economy and health of citizens. All these problems are encouraged to develop new global strategies for sustainable urban transport. The strategies relate only a wide range of mitigation measures, but also use innovative technologies and infrastructures. The concept of an efficient, effective and safe transport prevails today in the new transport policy. Among the innovative technologies and infrastructures, it should be noted that the use of telematics systems for transport provides for several measures to enable the route and means of transportation that help reduce the time and route of travel, while searching for the increase traffic volume, a better level of service roads, and the rationalization of consumption and emissions, as well as inspection services and information in real time. The introduction of these systems should lead to the development of research population movement and settlement, with improved popular routes, in order to optimize the introduction of TST (Transport System Telematics).

12

Importance of using of telematics in transportation in Honduras

Lanza E., Szpytko J.

Archives of Transport System Telematics

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2017

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Vol. 10, iss. 2

33--36

EN

Recent initiatives of innovation of transport are occurring in Honduras. The implementation of telematics devices helps traffic mobility and the security of the systems. The result of an investigative poll remarks the different needs in safety and reliability in the public transport that can be solved with telematics devices.

13

Transport system and transit potential of the state

Doroshchuk Viktoriia

Zeszyty Naukowe WSEI. Seria Transport i Informatyka

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2016

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T. 6, nr 1

5--17

EN

The article covers the main problems that hinder the provision increasing the volume and quality of demand for transport services. Features transit potential of Ukraine and the development of international transport corridors. The influence of the reform of the transport system on the development of Ukraine as a transit country and the ways of development of transit potential and improvement of its use.

PL

Artykuł wyczerpuje główny problem, którym jest przewidywanie wzrostu objętościowego zapotrzebowania na usługi transportowe. Przedstawiono potencjał transportowy Ukrainy i rozwój międzynarodowych korytarzy transportowych. Omówiono wpływ reform systemu transportowego na rozwój Ukrainy jako kraju tranzytowego.

14

Decision making on cargo-flows management in integrated production and transportation system

Bulgakova J.

Transport Problems

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2016

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T. 11, z. 4

83--94

EN

The problem of real time cargo-flows management in the integrated production and transportation system on example of machine-building enterprise is viewed optimal number of order cards in production and transportation system, which provides reduction in logistic costs. The building approach of membership function of linguistic terms, which characterize work-in-process level and waiting time, based on deterministic stock management model and queuing system is proposed.

UK

Рассмотрена проблема управления грузопотоками в производственно-транспортной системе в режиме реального времени на примере предприятия машиностроения. Разработана математическая модель принятия решений по управления грузопотоками, основанная на совместном применении теории нечетких множеств и теории вероятностей, позволяющая определять оптимальное количество карт-заказов, при котором логистические издержки в системе будут минимальными. Предложен подход к построению функций принадлежностей терм-множеств лингвистических переменных, характеризующих уровень запаса и время ожидания в системе, основанный на вероятностной модели управления запасами и теории систем массового обслуживания.

15

The necessity of farsighted urban planning with holistic as well as detail qualities. The Öresund region as an example

Larsson B.

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2016

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nr 27

61--82

EN

Urban planning needs more farsighted visions and holistic views. These problems are illustrated in the Öresund region, but also attempts to find more comprehensive and sustainable planning guidelines and aims. High-speed rail and extended inter-modality can improve the regional and local public transportation system, which can be a frame for high quality, sustainable urban development.

16

Nowe wyzwania w projektowaniu innowacyjnych systemów transportowych

Grabarek I.

Problemy Jakości

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2016

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R. 48, nr 12

35--43

PL

W referacie przedstawiono kierunki rozwoju systemów transportowych i związane z nimi problemy badawcze. Rosnący poziom automatyzacji w pojazdach sprzyja rozwojowi mobilności wśród mieszkańców miast, ale jednocześnie generuje szereg problemów. Projektowanie nowoczesnych środków transportu zarówno indywidualnych, jak i zbiorowych zmierza w kierunku automatyzacji. Ich istotnym elementem staje się interfejs (HMI) użytkownika (kierowcy, pasażera). Efektywna dwukierunkowa komunikacja między użytkownikiem i pojazdem wymaga wdrożenia nowych rozwiązań, uwzględniających potrzeby i ograniczenia potencjalnego użytkownika. Prawidłowy dobór zaprojektowanych interfejsów (HMI) do możliwości i oczekiwań użytkowników poprzedzony jest oceną funkcjonalności budowanych interfejsów, której metodykę przedstawiono w referacie.

EN

The paper presents the directions of transportation systems development and related research problems. The increasing level of automation in vehicles promotes the development of mobility among urban residents, but also generates a number of problems. Design of modern modes of transport, both individual and collective, is heading towards automation. Their essential element is the user interface (HMI) (driver, passenger). Effective two-way communication between the user and the vehicle requires the implementation of new design solutions to the needs and limitations of a potential user. Proper selection of designed interfaces (HMI) to the possibilities and expectations of the users is preceded by an assessment of the innovative interfaces functionality. The evaluation methodology has been presented in the paper.

17

An Integrated Approach towards Building a Simulation Model Supporting the Management of the Passenger Transportation System. Part 2 – Case Study

Gąbka J., Susz S., Rosienkiewicz M.

Logistics and Transport

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2016

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Vol. 32, No. 4

51--64

EN

This article presents a simulation model designated as an advising and forecasting tool for designing, redesigning and managing ground-based transportation systems. It considers both public and private transport means. It enables visualisation of the results of changes in the transportation network such as a new transportation mode, schedule adjustment, technology improvements on shuttle speed and other modifications that can influence the effectiveness of the transportation network. The simulation tool enables predictions of future passenger flow size for different means of transport. The simulation tool was developed after thorough analysis of interdependencies between variables in the transportation network model built upon an econometric model, artificial neural network and mathematical model. The simulation model was tested on the real data and determined to be very effective, useful and flexible in use. Successive phases of the model development proved that development of a reliable advising and forecasting tool requires a combination of different methods.

18

Prediction of climate-weather change process for port oil piping transportation system and maritime ferry operating at Baltic Sea area

Kołowrocki K., Soszyńska-Budny J.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2016

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Vol. 7, No. 3

143--148

EN

There are presented the methods of prediction of the climate-weather change process. These are the methods and procedures for estimating the unknown basic parameters of the climate-weather change process semi-Markov model and identifying the distributions of the climate-weather change process conditional sojourn times at the climate-weather states. There are given the formulae estimating the probabilities of the climate-weather change process staying at the particular climate-weather states at the initial moment, the probabilities of the climate-weather change transitions between the climate-weather states and the parameters of the distributions suitable and typical for the description of the climate-weather change process conditional sojourn times at the particular climate-weather states. The proposed statistical methods applications for the unknown parameters identification of the climate-weather change process model determining the climate-weather change process parameters for the initial point of the port oil piping transportation system are presented.

19

Identification methods and procedures of critical infrastructure operation process including operating environment threats

Kołowrocki K., Soszyńska-Budny J.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2016

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Vol. 7, No. 3

155--168

EN

In the paper, there are presented the methods for identification of the critical infrastructure operation process on the basis of statistical data coming from this process realizations related to the critical infrastructure operating environment threats. These are the methods and procedures for estimating the unknown basic parameters of the critical infrastructure operation process semi-Markov model and identifying the distributions of the critical infrastructure operation process conditional critical infrastructure operation process sojourn times at the particular operation states. There are given the formulae estimating the probabilities of the critical infrastructure operation process straying at the particular operation states at the initial moment, the probabilities of the critical infrastructure operation process transitions between the operation states. Moreover, there are given formulae for the estimator of unknown parameters of the distributions suitable and typical for the description of the critical infrastructure operation process conditional sojourn times at the operation states. Namely, the parameters of the uniform distribution, the triangular distribution, the double trapezium distribution, the quasi-trapezium distribution, the exponential distribution, the Weibull’s distribution and the chimney distribution are estimated using the statistical methods such as the method of moments and the maximum likelihood method. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test is described and proposed to be applied to verifying the hypotheses about these distributions choice validity. The procedure of statistical data sets uniformity analysis based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is proposed to be applied to the empirical conditional sojourn times at the operation states coming from different realizations of the same critical infrastructure operation process.

20

Identification methods and procedures of climate-weather change process including extreme weather hazards of port oil piping transportation system operating at land Baltic seaside area

Jakusik E., Kołowrocki K., Kuligowska E., Soszyńska-Budny J., Torbicki M.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2016

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Vol. 7, No. 3

57--64

EN

There are presented the methods of identification of the climate-weather change process. These are the methods and procedures for estimating the unknown basic parameters of the climate-weather change process semi-Markov model and identifying the distributions of the climate-weather change process conditional sojourn times at the climate-weather states. There are given the formulae estimating the probabilities of the climate-weather change process staying at the particular climate-weather states at the initial moment, the probabilities of the climate-weather change transitions between the climate-weather states and the parameters of the distributions suitable and typical for the description of the climate-weather change process conditional sojourn times at the particular climate-weather states. The proposed statistical methods applications for the unknown parameters identification of the climate-weather change process model determining the climate-weather change process parameters for the port oil piping transportation system operating at land Baltic seaside area are presented.