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Specjacja i modelowanie transportu metali ciężkich w glebach

Kowalkowski T., Buszewski B.

Ekologia i Technika

2002

R. 10, nr 1

3-11

Soils and groundwaters have been extensively exposed to pollution by heavy metals from various anthropogenic sources. The occurrence of these metals in soils represents a significant environmental hazard and one of the most difficult contamination problems to solve. The study of migration of heavy metals in soils requires the knowledge of complexation types between soil constituents and metals (organometallic complexation, inorganic complexes, precipitated forms etc.) and a lot of information about the soil (ionic strength, pH , content of organic matter, concentration of aluminosilicates, presence of various anions, size of particles, redox potential, charge of surface, composition of soil solution etc.). in all environmental systems including, soils, toxicity and/or properties of heavy metals do not correlate with total metal concentration, but rather with the content of some specific complex constituents. Therefore , no information on total concentration of heavy metals is necessary. Advances of speciation analysis should be considered instead continued to understand. The impact of heavy metals to soil ecosystems. This is one of the most important driving forces of developing new analytical procedures for extraction, identification and quantification of heavy metals and speciation techniques. The number of imperative data is so high that many scientists use mathematical and computer modelling to cope with understanding processes occurring in soils. A number of models have been developed allowing predicting quantitatively the movements and sorption of heavy metals in soil with good accuracy. However, the investigations for determining chemical properties of soil, heavy metals interactions, should be continued because a lot of questions about this strongly heterogenic matrix are still not answered.