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Indices of Soil and Plant Cover Pollution Due to Re-Introduction of Sediment Water Under the Energy Willow on Aluvisol of Ukraine

Lopushniak Vasyl, Hrytsuliak Halyna, Jakubowski Tomasz, Voloshyn Yurii, Karavanovych Krystyna, Kachala Taras

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 3

201--211

Municipal sewage sludge is considered as an important resource for replenishing organic carbon and mineral nutrition elements in the soil. However, its widespread use in the agricultural sector is associated with the risks of soil contamination by pollutants, in particular heavy metals, and their inclusion in trophic food chains. A relatively ecologically safe way to dispose of sewage sludge is to apply it to energy crops.In order to study the influence of sewage sludge application on the ecological condition of podzolic soil and the level of heavy metal contamination of plant cover, research was carried out in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine on a willow plantation of the second cycle of energy use and repeated application of fresh sewage sludge and its composts with coniferous sawdust and grain straw cultures in different doses.Research has established that under the influence of the application of sewage sludge, the indicators of the content of heavy metals in the roots and above-ground shoots of energy willow significantly changed. The highest doses of sewage sludge of 60–80 t/ha led to a significant increase in the content of As, Mo, and Pb compared to other research options. The content of Fe, Zn, Sr, Y in these options was at the level of the option where compost was applied (sewage sludge + straw (3:1) + cement dust 10%) – 40 t/ha. Also, the use of cement dust in this version led to the highest Nb content. Ni, Cu.An increase in the content of heavy metals in the soil led to an increase in the translocation of heavy metals in energy willow plants. Application of the highest dose of sewage sludge in the experiment –80 t/ha (option 5) caused the highest translocation coefficients of Fe, Nb, Rb, Y, Mo. And the highest values of Sr, As, Pb translocation coefficients were noted in option 10, where compost was applied (sewage sludge + straw (3:1) + cement dust 10%) ‒ 40 t/ha, which indicates a significant influx of cement dust into the accumulation of these dangerous metals in plants. The highest value of the Integral index of energy willow plant pollution ‒ 222 was recorded in the variant where fresh sewage sludge was applied at the rate of 80 t/ha, which was 17‒20 points higher than the values of the closest variants of the experiment.

Effect of bottom sediment addition to the substratum on the quality of produced maize (Zea mays L.) biomass

Wiśniowska-Kielian B., Niemiec M.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

2007

Vol. 14, nr 5-6

581-589

In pot experiment carried out in 2005 an assessment was made of the effect of dredged bottom sediment addition to the light, very acid soil on the trace metals accumulation in biomass of maize (Zea mays L.). Bottom sediment from the Rożnów Reservoir was added to the soil in amount between 1 and 14% mass of substratum. The bottom sediment added to the soil increased Ni, Cr, Pb and Cd content in the substratum. Sediment addition amounting 1-4% of substratum caused increase of Ni, Cr and Pb accumulation in aerial parts of the plant, whereas larger admixtures (6% and more) reduced these metals content in comparison with the control object. Each sediment additions decreased Cd contents in maize biomass. Maize aboveground biomass from all objects fulfilled the criteria of permissible values of Ni, Cr and Pb. Cd content in maize biomass from control object exceeded the allowable content in forage, whereas sediment admixtures amounting 2% and more decreased Cd level to this value. Maize roots from objects with sediment addition accumulated greater amounts of metals and only at the highest sediment share in substratum they contained lesser quantities of Pb and Cd. It was found that bottom sediment added to the soil markedly lowered the values of translocation coefficient of studied trace metals in maize. Dredged bottom sediment may be used as a material improving properties of light very acid soil and forage quality of plant material.

W doświadczeniu wazonowym w 2005 r. oceniono wpływ dodatku osadu dennego bagrowanego do gleby lekkiej bardzo kwaśnej na zawartość metali śladowych w biomasie kukurydzy (Zea mays L.). Osad denny ze Zbiornika Rożnowskiego dodawano do gleby w ilości 1 do 16% masy podłoża. Osad denny zwiększał zawartość Ni, Cr, Pb i Cd w podłożu. Dodatek osadu wynoszący 1-4% podłoża powodował zwiększenie akumulacji Ni, Cr i Pb w nadziemnej biomasie kukurydzy, a większe dodatki (6% i więcej) zmniejszały zawartość tych metali w porównaniu z obiektem kontrolnym. Każdy dodatek osadu redukował zawartość Cd w biomasie kukurydzy. Nadziemna biomasa kukurydzy ze wszystkich obiektów spełniała kryteria dopuszczalnych zawartości Ni, Cr i Pb. Zawartość Cd w biomasie kukurydzy z obiektu kontrolnego przewyższała dopuszczalną zawartość w paszy, a dodatki osadu wynoszące 2% i więcej obniżały poziom Cd do tej wartości. Korzenie kukurydzy z obiektów z dodatkiem osadu akumulowała więcej metali i tylko przy najwyższym udziale osadu w podłożu gromadziły mniej Pb i Cd. Stwierdzono, że osad dodany do gleby znacząco obniżał wartość współczynników translokacji badanych metali śladowych w kukurydzy. Bagrowany osad denny może być użyty jako materiał poprawiający właściwości gleby lekkiej bardzo kwaśnej oraz poprawiający jakość paszową materiału roślinnego.