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1
Content available remote Tranzycje w systemie ERTMS/ETCS
Kochan A., Koper E., Ilczuk P., Gruba Ł.
Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport
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2018
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z. 121
147--159
PL
Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy zagadnień tranzycji w systemie ERTMS/ETCS. W dokumencie poruszono kwestię doboru i rozmieszczenia balis istotnych z punktu widzenia tranzycji. Przedstawiono możliwości i ograniczenia wynikające z wybranej konfiguracji systemu w zakresie położenia i informacji przekazywanej przez balisy. Przytoczono także ogólne zasady realizacji tranzycji oraz zaproponowano zunifikowany opis przejść pomiędzy poziomami. W artykule opisano grupy balis istotne z punktu widzenia tranzycji oraz telegramy wymieniane w procesie tranzycji. Na wybranym przykładzie przedstawiono opis tranzycji, uwzględniający wyspecyfikowane kroki funkcjonalne, ich warianty oraz analizę zagrożeń dla poszczególnych etapów. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na złożoność procesu tranzycji oraz fakt, iż zagadnienie przejść pomiędzy poziomami systemu ERTMS/ETCS będzie realnym wyzwaniem postawionym przed branżą kolejową w najbliższych latach.
EN
The article concerns the issue of transition in ERTMS/ETCS system. The document discusses the selection and distribution of balises relevant for transition. The possibilities and limitations resulting from the selected configuration of the system in the scope of balises are presented. General principles of transition execution were also presented and a unified description of transitions between ERTMS/ETCS levels was proposed. The article describes balis groups important from the point of view of transition and telegrams exchanged in the process of transition. The selected example shows a description of transitions, including specified functional steps, their variants and an analysis of hazards for particular stages. The article highlights the complexity of the transition process and the fact that the issue of transition between the levels of ERTMS/ETCS system will be a real challenge for the railway industry in the upcoming years.
2
Content available remote The EPC II theory. The structure of business process control systems
Zaborowski M.
Management and Production Engineering Review
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2011
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Vol. 2, No. 1
61-77
EN
The paper is the third one of publications on the EPC theory. The acronym EPC has been replaced with EPC II to avoid confusing Enterprise Process Control with Event-driven Process Chain, which is a well known method of modeling process structures. Basic notions of the EPC II theory have been discussed in the paper using the example of a two-level business process, which is an educational model of production of housing parts of the final product in a household goods factory. For the higher level the follow-up production control system has been presented. For the lower level the central control of a business process has been discussed. For all examples tables of their relational models have been shown. The paper presents the EPC II notation for graphical modeling business processes and their control systems. It uses only 4 symbols from UML activity diagrams - structured activity, action, data store and object flow. It has been shown that business process models, expressed with notations of UML, BPMN, EPC, CPN may be always transformed to EPC II activity diagrams. What is more, with EPC II notation one can present not only structure of business processes in any organizational level of an enterprise, but also structure of their control systems.
3
Content available remote Multiplicative Transition Systems
Winkowski J.
Fundamenta Informaticae
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2011
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Vol. 109, nr 2
201-222
EN
The paper is concerned with algebras whose elements can be used to represent runs of a system from a state to a state. These algebras, called multiplicative transition systems, are categories with respect to a partial binary operation called composition. They can be characterized by axioms such that their elements and operations can be represented by partially ordered multisets of a certain type and operations on such multisets. The representation can be obtained without assuming a discrete nature of represented elements. In particular, it remains valid for systems with infinitely divisible elements, and thus also for systems with elements which can represent continuous and partially continuous runs.
4
Content available remote Multiplicative Transition Systems
Winkowski J.
Prace Instytutu Podstaw Informatyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk
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2010
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Nr 1018
1-29
EN
The paper is concerned with algebras whose elements can be used to represent runs of a system from a state to a state. These algebras, called multiplicative transition systems, are categories with respect to a partial binary operation called composition. They can be characterized by axioms such that their elements and operations can be represented by partially ordered multisets of a certain type and operations on such multisets. The representation can be obtained without assuming a discrete nature of represented elements. In particular, it remains valid for systems with innitely divisible elements, and thus also for systems with elements which can represent continuous and partially continuous runs.
PL
Praca dotyczy algebr, których elementy mogą być użyte do reprezentowania przebiegów dowolnego systemu od stanu do stanu. Te algebry, zwane multyplikatywnymi systemami tranzycyjnymi, są kategoriami ze względu na częściową operację binarną zwaną składaniem. Można je scharakteryzować aksjomatami tak, że ich elementy i operację składania można reprezentować częściowo uporządkowanymi wielozbiorami pewnego typu i operacją składania takich wielozbiorów. Taką reprezentację można otrzymać bez zakładania dyskretności reprezentowanych elementów. W szczególności jest ona możliwa dla systemów o nieskończenie podzielnych elementach, a więc i dla systemów których elementy mogą reprezentować przebiegi ciągłe i częściowo ciągłe.
5
Content available remote The EPC theory. Couplings between transitions in enterprise process control systems
Zaborowski M.
Management and Production Engineering Review
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2010
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Vol. 1, No. 4
77-92
EN
The paper is the second one of publications on the EPC theory. Relationships between transitions and activity transition units, as well as definitions of functional and control transitions of the framework EPC system, have been presented in it. Then classification of transitions by their attribution to different functional layers and data processing phases in EPC systems has been shown. The resource inputs and outputs have been defined for functional and control transitions. System couplings, as well as input and output resource couplings, between functional and control transitions have been defined by analogy of correspondingcouplings between functional and control units. Tight relationships between structures of an enterprise management system and a corresponding information system have been presented. These are relationships between the structure of associations of functional and control units with information places and the structure of analogous associations of transitions with places. Next, couplings of central coordination transition with local transitions of horizontal coordination have been discussed. On these grounds the notion of a distributed process has been introduced and the definition of a business process has been specified.
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