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Impact of Agriculture Intensification on the Floristic Diversity of the Forest-Field Ecotone

Skrajna Teresa

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 1

47--66

EN

The aim of the research was to study 20-year changes in the floristic richness of the vegetation and soil diaspore bank of agroceonoses and adjacent midfield woodlots, as a result of the intensification of agricultural production, and the role of the ecotone in the preservation of field weeds. The studies were conducted in two periods, the first between 1996 and 1998 and the second between 2016 and 2018, on 12 permanent plots located in a transition zone between agroceonoses and woodlots. The width of the ecotone zone was determined with a linear transect that crossed both communities. The study of vegetation was conducted using the Braun-Blanquet method. During each period, soil diaspore reserves were determined. A large decrease of approximately 30% in the number of species was noted in the agroceonoses, while there were minor changes in the wood communities. With only slight variation during the research, floristic diversity of the soil diaspore bank in those habitats was poorer than vegetation diversity. The ecotone phytoceonoses had the highest species richness. They showed greater floristic similarity to the wood phytoceonoses than to agroceonoses. In the transition zone a clear boundary was observed, dividing those two communities. The ecotone was a refuge for field species, including rare and endangered ones. The species composition of the ecotone soil diaspore bank was poorer than the composition of the flora and showed greater similarity to the species diversity of the agroceonoses. Additionally, a significant relationship between species richness and habitat conditions was noted.

2

Osvoenie melkovodnogo sel’fa Arktiki s primeneniem samopod’emnoj mobil’noj ledostojkoj burovoj platformy teleskopiceskogo tipa

Gromova G. V., Gusejnov C. S.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2012

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nr 182 wyd. konferencyjne

865--866

EN

Russia has the largest transit zone. Areas with depths of 0-20 m are characterized as significant oil and gas resources, the relative availability of development, specificity of administrative status, and relatively short terms of realization with lower capital costs than during the development of deepwater fields. It's clear that, the coastal shallow water is a promising development target. For the exploration and development drilling in the Arctic shallow-water jack-Mobile proposed the construction of ice-resistant drilling platform telescopic type. The proposed solution is decorated patent application RU 2011126812 from 29.06.2011. The platform consists of a bottom ballastable plate with a built-in reference block and the upper structure. The design of the platform provides: — simplification of transport, reduction of construction works in the harsh climatic conditions at depths of 3 to 24 m with weak soils; — accelerating field commissioning by providing year-round drilling platforms in the Arctic.

3

Novye predstavlenia o resursah neftegazovyh perehodnyh zon v neodnorodnyh plastah

Mihajlov A. N., Hohlova M. S.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2012

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nr 182 wyd. konferencyjne

831--839

EN

The problem of use of stocks of transitional oil-water zones is actual as thickness of these zones reach several tens of meters. The deposits concentrated in these zones usually are represented simply and are defined by thickness of the layer being above conditional border of water-oil contact. At such approach features of distribution water-petrosaturation in transitional zones aren't considered. In a transitional oil-water zone, water saturation changes from hundred percent to value of a final water saturation. The zone in which there are these changes is called as transitional. Within this zone usually allocate a mark from which at an sampling inflow of only waterless oil can be received. This mark take for water oil contact (WOC). The WOC authentic situation plays large role at calculation of stocks and design of development of deposits. Methodical approaches to definition of characteristics of a transitional zone and conditional level of WOC of water oil layers are well developed, however in a non-uniform layers of regularity of a structure of transitional zones for homogeneous layers start to change as layers influence at each other. In nonuniform layers the capillary pressures operating in a transitional zone start to be transformed and there are «end capillary effects». Their role in formation of transitional zones is poorly studied. Undervaluation of capillary trailer effects' influence leads to considerable errors in determining oil stocks in a transitional zone of a layer. In the report the phenomena of jumps of a saturation within a transitional zone of non-uniform layers on wettability are proved. Manifestation of jump of a petrosaturation causes spasmodic changes of provision of water oil contact on the deposit area. In the report features of manifestation of capillary trailer effects are given in transitional zones of non-uniform layers. It is received that the structure of transitional zones can essentially change depending on lithological and filtrational heterogeneity of layers. Changes of a structure of transitional zones lead to change of fixed level of WOK and the stocks concentrated in transitional zones. In the report conditions of emergence of these phenomena are described.

4

Some comments on the palynostratigraphy of the Holocene in Poland, based on isopollen maps

Ralska-Jasiewiczowa M.

Studia Quaternaria

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2006

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Vol. 23

29-35

EN

The paper presents the division of Holocene into four palynostratigraphical units: early, Holocene, middle Holocene, late Holocene - older part, and late Holocene - younger part. It stresses that the best defined border is that between the Late Glacial and early Holocene, and all other "borders" have the character of broad transitional zones. The attention is also paid to the complex of changes starting between 4000 and 3000 BP connected with the retreat of hazel and oak and expansion of hornbeam and beech with fir spreading in the south and spruce in the north-east of Poland. From ca. 6000 BP on the human activities cause increasing changes in vegetation that are difficult to be distinguished from those generated by natural factor.