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Uptake of Toxic Trace Metals (Cd, Pb) and Micro Nutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn) by Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Irrigated with Treated Effluents of Sugar Industry

Damodharan U., Reddy M. V.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 1

13--22

EN

The accumulation and translocation of trace metals in soil and in sugarcane crop irrigated with treated effluents from sugar industry compared to soil and sugarcane crop irrigated with bore-well water were determined. In the present study the impact of irrigation with treated effluent from the sugar industry on the trace metal contamination of sugarcane juice was assessed. It revealed that the mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn and Zn in the soil of fields irrigated with effluent and in juice from sugarcane grown on such fields were higher than those from bore-well water irrigated fields. The concentrations of trace metals in treated effluent exceeded the permissible limits of the Indian standards (Central Pollution Control Board-2000). The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in juice of sugarcane grown on fields irrigated with effluent also exceeded the permissible limits of Indian standards and WHO/FAO expert committee recommendations. Their concentrations in juice of sugarcane grown in fields irrigated with bore-well water were within the limits of safety, except for Cd. The transfer factor for Zn was considerably higher than those of the other trace metals. The metal concentrations of sugarcane juice showed significant correlations with those of soil, which was not the case when bore well water was used for irrigation.

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Badania charakterystyk transformacji przekładników napięciowych dla napięć odkształconych

Kaczmarek M.

Energetyka

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2011

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nr 8

483-486

PL

Przedstawiono wnioski z analiz wyników badań charakterystyk transformacji przekładników napięciowych dla napięć pierwotnych o częstotliwościach z zakresu 200 Hz - 9000 Hz oraz podczas transferu napięć odkształconych wyższą harmoniczną o częstotliwości z tego zakresu. Wyznaczano wartość danej harmonicznej napięcia oraz jej przesunięcie fazowe przed i po transferze przez badane przekładniki napięciowe.

EN

Presented are conclusions drawn from analyses of voltage transformers transformation characteristics measurement results for primary voltages of frequencies 200-9000 Hz and during the transfer of voltages distorted by higher harmonic having the frequency of the same range. Determined is the value of the given voltage harmonic and its phase displacement before and after the transfer through the examined voltage transformers.

3

Transfer of cesium-137 from forest soil to moss Pleurozium schreberi

Dołhańczuk-Śródka A., Ziembik Z., Wacławek M., Hysplerova L.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2011

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Vol. 18, nr 4

509-516

EN

Moss (Pleurozium schreberi) and soil samples collected in 2009 in Bory Stobrawskie forest were used to study the transfer factor (TFCs) and aggregated transfer factor (Tag) of radiocesium from forest soil to moss. This investigation also included determination of 40K activity, pH, conductivity and organic matter content in soil. The mean 137Cs activities were 179 Bq/kg d.m. in soil samples and 203 Bq/kg d.m. in moss. The TFCs of 137Cs from soil to moss was varied in the range from 0.1 to 3.3. The mean surface activity was 11.2 kBq/m2. The Tag values were limited in the range from 0.001 to 0.058. Additionally the TFK values for 40K were computed. It was found that the main contribution of 137Cs activity in environment originates from soil and activities of 137Cs and 40K were usually higher in moss than in soil. It can be supposed that the 137Cs isotope migrates to moss from its surrounding. Among others, tatistically significant correlation between TF of 137Cs and activity of 40K in soil was found. Low activity of 40K in soil is conducive to the transfer of cesium to moss. The organic matter content also affects transport of cesium and potassium between moss and soil.

PL

Mech (Pleurozium schreberi) i próbki gleby pobranej w 2009 roku w Borach Stobrawskich wykorzystywano do badania współczynnika transferu (TFCs) i zbiorczego współczynnika transferu (Tag) radiocezu z gleb leśnych do mchu. Określono także aktywność 40K, pH, konduktywność i zawartość materii organicznej w próbkach gleby. Średnia aktywność 137Cs wynosiła 179 Bq/kg s.m. w próbkach gleby i 203 Bq/kg s.m. w próbkach mchu. Współczynnik transferu TFCs z gleby do mchu zmieniał się w zakresie od 0,1 do 3,3. Średnia aktywność powierzchniowa wynosiła 11,2 kBq/m2. Wartości Tag mieściły się w zakresie od 0,001 do 0,058. Zostały także obliczone wartości TFK dla 40K. Stwierdzono, że główny udział aktywności 137Cs w środowisku pochodzi z gleby, a aktywności 137Cs i 40K były zwykle większe w mchu niż w glebie. Znaleziono istotną statystycznie korelację pomiędzy TFCs i aktywnością 40K w glebie. Sugeruje to, że mała zawartość potasu w glebie sprzyja przenoszeniu cezu do mchu. Zawartości materii organicznej również wpływają na transport cezu i potasu pomiędzy mchem i glebą.

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Peculiarities of 137Cs translocation in higher plants under environmental and laboratory conditions

Marčiulioniene D., Lukšiene B., Kiponas D.

Nukleonika

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2008

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Vol. 53, No. 2

69-75

EN

Accumulation of technogenic 137Cs in higher plant roots and above-ground part and comparison of 137Cs and 40K transfer from roots to the above-ground part of plant as well as distribution within above-ground part of plant under environmental conditions were investigated. Parallely, the results of the investigations of 137Cs accumulation in the roots and shoots of test-organism Lepidium sativum L. in the model hydroponic system aqueous solution-solid phase-plant were analyzed. Peculiarities of transfer of this radionuclide from roots to shoots during the entire plant growing period under experimental conditions were determined. 137Cs activity in the tested plants of meadow ecotop was on an average 6-fold lower than in the plants of swamp and 10-fold lower than in the plants of forest ecotop. Differences in 137Cs and 40K transfer from roots to the above-ground part of plant and their distribution in plants indicate particular biological metabolism of these radionuclides in plants. Increased levels of 137Cs in soil practically did not affect the 40K transfer from roots to the above-ground part of plants. The results of investigations under natural and laboratory conditions show that increasing contamination of growth medium with 137Cs caused higher accumulation of this radionuclide in roots but its transfer from roots to the above-ground part of plant decreased or changed insignificantly. 137Cs transfer from roots to above-ground part under natural (Artemisia vulgaris) and laboratory (Lepidium sativum) conditions was rather similar.