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From UNCLOS to the IMDG code: Enhancing ASEAN’s maritime law for dangerous goods transport amid regional and international challenges

Abuelenin Ahmed Hany M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

2025

nr 84 (156)

The maritime transport of dangerous goods (DG), including hazardous and noxious substances (HNS), poses escalating environmental and legal challenges, particularly in Southeast Asia’s high-traffic corridors. While international frameworks such as UNCLOS, MARPOL, and the IMDG code impose clear obligations, ASEAN member states exhibit fragmented implementation and limited HNS-specific preparedness. This paper critically assesses the region’s regulatory landscape through a legal-doctrinal and theoretical lens, identifying gaps in treaty ratification, port state control, and regional cooperation. It argues that soft-law mechanisms and institutional inertia undermine effective risk governance. This study calls for a binding regional instrument on HNS response, harmonized inspection regimes, and integrated liability frameworks to align ASEAN practices with global marine protection standards. Accordingly, the purpose of this work is to examine how ASEAN’s approach to DG transport aligns with international maritime law and to propose reforms that strengthen both regional and global marine environmental governance.