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Risk assessment during the transportation of dangerous goods considering the functional state of the driver

Fornalchyk Yevhen, Afonin Maksym, Postranskyy Taras, Boikiv Mykola

Transport Problems

2021

T. 16, z. 1

139--152

Increase in motorization and densification of populations in cities have led to the use of more resources both for the construction of different objects and for the service and operation of automotive vehicles. As a result, volumes of freight transportation, which are related to the construction and servicing of these objects, increase. New scientifically applied tasks that are related to the safety of freight transportation have emerged. Special attention is being paid to those that are related to dangerous tasks. It is obvious that traffic safety and the quality of the transportation process significantly depend on the behaviors and actions of the driver. The driver, as it is known, is the main chain of the “driver - automobile - road - environment” (DARE) system. With improvements in the technical and operational parameters of vehicles and road characteristics, the study of the functional state (FS) of the driver and the reliability of his skills become more important every time. The specific importance of this becomes clear when drivers operate vehicles that transport dangerous goods. Therefore, research on the interaction of chains of the DARE system (using improved existing and developed methods by the authors) is carried out in this paper, taking into account the indicators of drivers’ FS in different situations (stress index, which consists in evaluation of the heart and brain operations). The results obtained provide an opportunity to predict their behavior in different road situations and, as a consequence, to determine possible risks during the transportation of dangerous goods. The authors improved the methodology of determining the levels of possible risks of accidents and assessment of their consequences, taking into account the peculiarities of transportation routes, traffic conditions, and psychophysiological indicators of the driver`s body during the transportation of dangerous goods within settlements and on the roads between them.

Wielowymiarowa analiza statystyczna metali ciężkich w pyle drogowym na obszarze Lublina

Kiebała A., Kozieł M., Telecka M., Zgłobicki W.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

2015

z. 62, nr 3/I

219--232

W pracy określono koncentrację, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, V, Zn w 49 próbach pyłu drogowego pobranego z nawierzchni tras komunikacyjnych Lublina. Wykorzystano metody statystyczne takie jak: analiza głównych składowych, grupowanie, analizy korelacji do określenia potencjalnych źródeł badanych pierwiastków. Próby charakteryzowały się różnym stopniem zanieczyszczenia metalami śladowymi. Najbardziej wyraźne przekroczenia tła geochemicznego stwierdzono w przypadku Cu i Cr średnie koncentracje to odpowiednio 63 mg/kg i 51 mg/kg. Natomiast zawartości zbliżone do naturalnych występowały dla Co, V i Hg, odpowiednio 6,8 i 0,03 mg/kg. Nie stwierdzono wyraźnych pozytywnych korelacji pomiędzy natężeniem ruchu samochodowego w miejscach poboru prób a zawartością badanych pierwiastków. Na podstawie analiz statystycznych dokonano podziału metali śladowych na grupy charakteryzujące się różnym pochodzeniem: bezpośrednie źródła antropogeniczne (głównie ruch samochodowy) oraz źródła naturalne (gleby).

The concentrations of Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, V, Zn in 49 samples of street dust from surface of traffic routes in Lublin have been studied in this work. Statistical methods such as: principal component analysis, cluster analysis and correlation method were used to determine the sources of analyzed elements. Samples differed in trace metal concentrations. The mean concentrations of Cu and Cr were significantly higher than the background values of soil in this region (63 mg/kg and 51 mg/kg respectively). Co, V and Hg characterize similar concentration to background values (6, 8 and 0,03 mg/kg). No clear or significant correlation between the strength of road traffic and heavy metal content in road dust sample were found. Based on multivariate statistical analysis the heavy metals have been divided into groups of diverse: natural and industry sources.