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Performance of Compact Bio-Contact Oxidation Reactors for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Under Different Hydraulic Retention Time

Awad Ameera Mohamad, Ibrahim Husham T., Al-Aboodi Ali H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

304--318

EN

This study employed a laboratory-scale continuous upflow bio-contact oxidation reactor to treat 50 L/day of municipal wastewater in Al Rumaitha City, located north of Al Muthanaa Province in Iraq. The reactor configuration consisted of two anoxic-aerobic reactors nested inside each other, with a 1:3 volume ratio of anoxic to aerobic zones. Both the anoxic and aerobic reactors were loaded with K1 bio-media, filling them to 50% capacity for fixing and preserving the biomass. The reactors were operated in a mode that achieved full nitrification-denitrification without any sludge return, relying solely on internal recycling from the aerobic to the anoxic reactor. After biofilm formation on the carriers, three distinct hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were investigated – ranging from 24 to 12 hours – to evaluate their impact on removing biological nutrients from municipal sewage. In this operational approach, the preferred internal recycle ratio and gas/water ratio for effective nitrogen removal were a complete feed rate recycle of 100% and a ratio of 1:5, respectively. The experiment results highlighted that a 24-hour hydraulic retention time was most suitable for the simultaneous removal of organic carbon (COD) and nutrients. During this period, average removal efficiencies were found to be 93.51% for COD, 94.50% for ammonium (NH4+), 60.98% for total nitrogen (TN), and 67.57% for total phosphorus (TP). Furthermore, the aerobic bio-contact oxidation reactors maintained an average dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 4.89 mg/L. In contrast, the anoxic bio- contact oxidation reactors exhibited a lower average DO concentration of 0.38 mg/L.

2

The impact of using modern irrigation techniques on the ancient Mougheul palm grove, South-West of Algeria

Rezzoug Cherif

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2019

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no. 40

97--102

EN

To resist against a hostile environment, the oases of Saoura developed ingenious techniques of catchment and sharing of water to exploit the rare and precious waters of the groundwater. But the intervention of modern irrigation techniques has disrupted the entire oasis system inside the oasis such as the spring, the palm grove and the ksar. These techniques have overexploited the groundwater supplying the palm grove in terms of quantity and quality. For centuries, the oases of Mougheul used only the source (with a flow of 25 dm3∙s–1 in 2001) which is inside the oasis to irrigate the parcels and herds. After the year 2005, the state decided to supply the city of Bechar with drinking water through the catchment field of Mougheul through five modern boreholes, which had a profound impact on the oasis, its surroundings, and the whole artesian source. In this work, we study the impact of the use of modern catchment systems on the water source and the life of the Mougheul population. By interviewing farmers and landowners about the impact of groundwater scarcity on the oasis. This allowed knowing the current state of the oasis and the reasons for its deterioration.

PL

Aby przeżyć w nieprzyjaznym środowisku, w oazach Saoura rozwijano pomysłowe techniki gromadzenia i rozdziału wody celem eksploatacji ograniczonych i cennych zasobów wód gruntowych. Interwencja współczesnych technik nawadniania zniszczyła cały system oaz z ich źródłami, gajami palmowymi i osadami ludzkimi. Te techniki nadmiernie eksploatowały wody gruntowe zasilające gaje palmowe. Przez wieki oazy w Mougheul wykorzystywały jedynie źródło (o wydajności 25 dm3∙s–1 w 2001 r.) znajdujące się wewnątrz oazy. Po roku 2005 państwo podjęło decyzję o zaopatrywaniu miasta Bechar w wodę pitną z poziomu wodonośnego w Mougheul poprzez pięć współczesnych odwiertów, co miało ogromny wpływ na oazę, jej otoczenie i cały system studni artezyjskiej. W pracy przedstawiono wpływ wykorzystania współczesnych systemów pozyskiwania wody na źródło wody i życie ludności w Mougheul.

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Faktory opóźnień [w procesie budowy]

Leśniak Agnieszka, Piskorz Grzegorz

Builder

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2019

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R.23, nr 2

26--28

EN

Identification and rank of delay factors in construction projects depending on the project delivery system. The implementation of construction projects depends on many unpredictable factors, which can cause delays in construction works. The article proposes classification of the validity of delay depending on the project delivery system. Two of them were considered: the traditional system (Design – Bid – Build), where the design stage is separated from the construction stage and the design and build (Design & Build), which consists in entrusting design works and carrying out works to one contractor. The order of validity is based on results of research carried out among participants of the construction project.

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Kanban : funkcje, zadania oraz różnice pomiędzy kanbanem a tradycyjnymi systemami zamawiania i transportu materiałów

Kucharczyk R.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 3

2669--2673, CD 1

PL

Prezentowany referat przedstawia główne funkcje, zadania oraz różnice pomiędzy systemem Kanbanem a jego klasycznymi odpowiednikami, realizującymi procesy zamawiania i transportu materiałów. Opisane zostały główne różnice oraz korzyści wynikające z zastosowania systemu Kanban, wobec wybranych tradycyjnych systemów planowania i sterowania produkcją. Autor przedstawia również zasady, które bezwzględnie muszą być zachowane, aby w pełni możliwe było jego właściwe wykorzystanie.

EN

The present paper describes the main functions, tasks , and differences between Kanban system and its classical counterparts , operating processes of ordering and transporting materials . Describes the main differences and benefits of using a Kanban system , to some traditional systems of production planning and control . The author presents the principles that absolutely must be maintained in order to fully allow its proper use.