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A Brief Analysis of SDG 3 – Good Health and Well-being – and its Synergies and Trade-offs with the other Sustainable Development Goals

Venkatesh G

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2022

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Vol. 17, nr 2

140--147

EN

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), proposed by the United Nations in 2015, give countries around the world much to work on until 2030. The third SDG – Good health and well-being – surely cannot be pursued in isolation. Far from being a silo, it has strong synergies with other SDGs, notably Gender Equality (SDG 5), No Poverty (SDG 1), Reduced Inequalities (SDG 10) & Clean water and sanitation (SDG 6). Quite counter-intuitively, it has trade-offs with SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). This is a commentary on these synergies and trade-offs, which looks at Good Health and Well-being as an overarching goal on any government’s agenda, impacting and being impacted, to different degrees, by the other goals.

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Using a multicriteria interactive approach in scheduling non-critical activities

Nowak M., Targiel K. S.

Operations Research and Decisions

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2018

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Vol. 28, No. 1

43--56

EN

A typical project consists of many activities. Logical dependencies cause some of them to be critical and some non-critical. While critical activities have a strict start time, in some projects the problem of selecting the start time of a non-critical activity may arise. Usually, it is possible to use the “as soon as possible” or “as late as possible” rules. Sometimes, however, the result of such a decision depends on external factors, e.g., an exchange rate. In this paper, we consider the multi-criteria problem of determining the start time of a non-critical activity. We assume that the earliest start and the latest start times of the activity have been identified using the critical path method, but the project manager is free to select the time when the activity will actually be started. This decision, however, cannot be changed later, as it is associated with the allocation of key resources. The criteria that are usually considered in such a situation are cost and risk. We assume that the cost depends on an exchange rate. We also consider the risks of project delay and a decrease in quality. This paper formulates the selection of the start time for a non-critical activity as a discrete dynamic multicriteria problem. We solve it using an interactive procedure based on the analysis of trade-offs.

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Zastosowanie teorii ograniczeń przy rozwiazywaniu problemów w przedsiebiorstwie dystrybucyjnym uwzględniających relacje pomiedzy planowaniem procesów transportowych a zarządzaniem zapasami

Cyplik P., Hajdul M.

Logistyka

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2008

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nr 4

CD-CD

PL

Theory of Constraints (TOC) jest filozofią zarządzania opracowaną przez dr Eliyahu M. Goldratta, która zakłada, że każdy system ma co najmniej jedno ograniczenie. Filozofia ta ma zastosowanie w różnych obszarach funkcjonalnych przedsiębiorstw począwszy od zarządzania przepływem w produkcji, poprzez marketing, rachunkowość, zarządzanie projektem czy wreszcie jako narzędzie logicznego wnioskowania. Na łamach tego artykułu autorzy przedstawiają możliwość zastosowania teorii ograniczeń w przedsiębiorstwach dystrybucyjnych uwzględniających relacje pomiędzy planowaniem procesów transportowych i zarządzaniem zapasami. Dodatkowo autorzy przedstawiają przykład rozwiązania problemu wyznaczenia wielkości zamówienia w oparciu o model scS.

EN

Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a philosophy of management developed by dr Eliyahu M. Goldratta assuming that any system has at least one constrain. This philosophy is used in various areas of company functionality starting from material flow management within production, marketing, accountancy, project management and finishing on logical inference. Authors present possibilities of applying theory of constrains in a distributional company with regard to relations between transportation process planning and inventory management. Additionally authors provide example of determining order quantities based on model scS.

4

An approach to finding trade-off solutions by a linear transformation of objective functions

Podkopaev D.

Control and Cybernetics

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2007

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Vol. 36, no 2

347-355

EN

We address the problem of deriving Pareto optimal solutions of multiple objective optimization problems with predetermined upper bounds on trade-offs. As shown, this can be achieved by a linear transformation of objective functions. Each non-diagonal element of the transformation matrix is related to a bound on the trade-off between a pair of the objective functions.

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Daphnia: model herbivore, predator and prey

Lampert Winfried

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 4

607-620

EN

In the past 30 years, Daphnia has become a model organism in aquatic ecology. I review the changing concepts and paradigms in plankton ecology as reflected in the work on Daphnia. The availability of radiotracers favoured a new physiological approach that resulted in better energetic models and more reliable estimates of filtering rates. This led to deeper insights into the role of herbivore grazing on phytoplankton and microbial communities, and nutrient recycling. It provided a conceptual basis for general hypotheses on predictable seasonal successions (e.g. the PEG model). On the other hand, increasing knowledge about selective predation on zooplankton triggered population dynamic models and gave explanations for changing community structures. The Size-Efficiency-Hypothesis generated a framework for studies on trade-offs between competitive ability and susceptibility to predation. Daphnia was now in the centre of interaction-based concepts, being predator and prey at the same time. It was the backbone of practical applications of the theory in food-web manipulations. When ultimate factors came into the focus, Daphnia played an important role in explaining striking phenomena like diel vertical migration and cyclomorphosis. Its central position in food-webs, the unique propagation mode, easy cultivation and accessibility by molecular genetic methods made it a favourite object for studies in evolutionary ecology, concerning local adaptation, evolution of defences and life histories, induced phenotypic change, and genetic diversity. The large advantage of Daphnia over other biological model organisms is that its importance in pelagic freshwater systems is undoubtedly known. Hence there is a direct way of applying the results to ecological systems.