Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The Influence of Chemical Amelioration on the Structure of the Phosphate Fund of Retisol of Western Polissia in Ukraine

Polovyy Volodymyr, Yashchenko Liudmyla, Lopushniak Vasyl, Kolesnyk Tetiana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 5

100--110

EN

The study of changes in the structure of the phosphate fund of retisol after two rotations of a 4-field field crop rotation under the influence of the introduction of dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) and limestone (CaCO3) flour in different doses before the start of the first rotation was carried out in the stationary experiment of the Institute of Agriculture of the Western Polissia of Ukraine. The dose of limestone materials is calculated on the basis of hydrolytic acidity (Hh) 2.80–2.97 mol/kg: for dolomite flour 0.5 Hh – 2.2 t/ha; 1.0 Hh – 4.7; 1.5 Hh – 6.7 t/ha; for limestone flour 1.0 Hh – 4.9 t/ha. The saturation of crop rotation with mineral fertilizers was N112Р87К105. The general background of the experiment was the annual application of the non-marketable part of the crop at a dose of 6.0 t/ha of biomass. The purpose of the work is to investigate the directionality of the transformation of the forms and different fractions of retisol phosphorus under the influence of liming against the background of systematic fertilization after the completion of the second crop rotation rotation. Research has established that under the influence of the introduction of meliorants, the share of mineral phosphorus compounds (P inorganic) fluctuated widely according to the experiment options (47.0 – 67.4% of P total), and organic – in the range of 28.5–37.5% P total. Liming against the background of fertilizer application also caused certain changes in the proportions between different forms of phosphorus. The main part (55.5–70.7%) of inorganic P is aluminum phosphates (Al-P) and iron phosphates (Fe-P). Liming with increasing doses of meliorants significantly (р = 0.05) affected the reduction of the total share of Al-P and Fe-P compared to the control and application of only mineral fertilizers, and also contributed to a significant increase in the share of Ca-P calcium phosphates (р = 0.01). At рНKCl 4.0–6.0, the content of P inorganic fractions was distributed in the order from maximum to minimum indicators: Al-P > Fe-P > Р soluble >Са-Р. Neutralization of the acidity of the soil solution also contributed to a significant increase in the contentof the soluble fraction of phosphorus (P soluble) to 4.9-5.4% of total P (р = 0.05), and the level of availability oflabile phosphorus compounds of the studied soil increased and was noted as high. The established features of thetransformation of the phosphate pool in retisol under the influence of the introduction of chemical ameliorantsindicate an increase in the share of bioavailable phosphorus compounds, significant changes in the conditions ofphosphorus nutrition of crop rotation crops and a change in the functional stability of the agroecosystem in general.

2

Performance prediction and control for wastewater treatment plants using artificial neural network modeling of mechanical and biological treatment

Alnajjar Hussein Y.H., Üçüncü Osman

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2023

|

Vol. 49, no 2

16--29

EN

Biological treatment in wastewater treatment plants appears to be one of the most crucial factors in water quality management and planning. Though, measuring this important factor is challenging, and obtaining reliable results requires signifi cant eff ort. However, the use of artifi cial neural network (ANN) modeling can help to more reliably and cost-effectively monitor the pollutant characteristics of wastewater treatment plants and regulate the processing of these pollutants. To create an artifi cial neural network model, a study of the Samsun Eastern Advanced Biological WWTP was carried out. It provides a laboratory simulation and prediction option for flexible treatment process simulations. The models were created to forecast influent features that would affect effluent quality metrics. For ANN models, the correlation coefficients R-TRAINING and R-ALL are more than 0.8080. The MSE, RMSE, and MAPE were less than 0.8704. The model’s results showed compliance with the permitted wastewater quality standards set forth in the Turkish water pollution control law for the environment where the treated wastewater is discharged. This is a useful tool for plant management to enhance the quality of the treatment while enhancing the facility’s dependability and efficiency.

3

Mathematical modelling by convection-diffusion with reaction of organic pollution in the wadi Mouillah stream, north-western Algeria

Benadda Lotfi, Djelita Belkheir, Chiboub-Fellah Abdelghani

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2022

|

no. 54

26--37

EN

This work describes the behaviour of organic pollutants along the wadi Mouillah watercourse and its main tributaries and their impacts on the Hammam Boughrara dam, located in the NW of Algeria, in the Wilaya of Tlemcen. The use of a database relating to physico-chemical, biotic and hydrological variables, covering the period from January 2006 to December 2009, contributed to the understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of each variable. The application of a mathematical model of the diffusion by convection-dispersion with a reaction on two characteristic parameters of organic pollution, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) which records values above the norm, with peaks that can reach 614%, and total phosphorus (Ptot), which the concentration is always higher with maxima reaching 53 mg∙dm-3 favouring eutrophication; this made it possible with precision to synthesise the propagation of pollutants in the liquid mass. The results obtained on the waters of Wadi Mouillah are therefore of poor quality; there is a need to set up a rigorous water quality monitoring system, with water treatment and decontamination devices to preserve the water resources. This will allow to contribute to better management of water quality in terms of combating the spread of pollution. Therefore, they can be used to support decisions in the context of sustainable development.

4

Initial Assessment of Changes in Water Quality in the Wrocław City Moat Reservoirs

Kilian Szymon, Pawęska Katarzyna, Bawiec Aleksandra

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 7

58--66

EN

The aim of the research was to initially assess the changes in the physicochemical composition of water in the reservoirs of the city moat (Wrocław) in the context of the analysis of the type of pollutants flowing into the inner-city water reservoirs and in relation to the impact of air quality directly in the vicinity of the reservoirs. As an element of the urban landscape, the inner-city water reservoirs play an important role in improving the local climatic conditions, increasing the biodiversity of the landscape, and eliminating the negative impact of urban heat islands. The measurement campaign was conducted for 11 months. The following parameters were determined in the analyzed water samples: turbidity, pH, electrolytic conductivity, as well as concentrations of nitrogen forms (ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen), total phosphorus and sulfates. Additionally, the air quality parameters in the direct location of the reservoirs were analyzed, including: concentrations of nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, humidity level and selected meteorological data, i.e. daily precipitation and average daily air temperature. The average concentrations of nitrogenous forms in the waters of the downtown water reservoir were as follows: ammonium nitrogen 0.155 mg•dm-3, nitrite nitrogen 0.084 mg•dm-3, and nitrate nitrogen 1.15 mg•dm-3. The sulfate concentrations showed greater variability 67.805–180.973 mg•dm-3. On the basis of the conducted observations and analyses, a statistically significant relationship was found between the quality parameters of water in municipal water reservoirs and external factors such as air quality, and in particular the correlation of air humidity with the concentration of nitrite and nitrate ions in the water. The conducted research confirms the influence of air quality on the levels of pollutants in the waters collected in the urban water reservoir.

5

Turbidity as a Surrogate for the Determination of Total Phosphorus, Using Relationship Based on Sub-Sampling Techniques

Kusari Laura

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, iss. 4

88--93

EN

One of the most challenging issues regarding water quality control is the lack of adequate measurements and lack of data on many water quality constituents. Since water quality is highly variable during time and space, traditional grab sampling often misses extreme events and the result isn’t always a representative one. This paper evaluated the usefulness of turbidity measurement as a surrogate for the determination of the Total Phosphorus. Instead of in-situ sensors for real time turbidity measurements, another approach was taken during this investigation. The suitability of using turbidity as a surrogate for TP was investigated using prepared subsamples, each with different concentration of water quality constituents. Laboratory results, with the use of the linear regression techniques, enabled the development of the model that relates the total phosphorus to turbidity. The linear regression equation developed, TP = 0.3942TTU – 3.4279 shows that there is a very good prediction of the total phosphorus based on the turbidity measurement, with the correlation coefficient as good as R2 = 0.8782 and p-value less than 0.5. Even though the equation is site specific, and more investigation is needed, we conclude that it can be used in similar situations, when there is a lack of monitoring programs.

6

The Analysis of the Amount of Pollutants in Wastewater after Mechanical Treatment in the Aspect of their Susceptibility to Biodegradation in the Treatment Plant in Nowy Targ

Nowobilska-Majewska Elwira, Bugajski Piotr

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 8

135--143

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the biodegradability of organic and biogenic contaminants in wastewater flowing into biological reactors in the treatment plant in Nowy Targ. The research period covered the years 2016 and 2017, when 87 samples of raw wastewater and 87 samples of wastewater after mechanical treatment were collected and subjected to physico-chemical analysis. In both types of wastewater, the size of the following indicators was analyzed: BOD5, COD, total kjeldahl nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). The study verified the amount of pollutants in the raw wastewater in order to determine whether they are household wastewater. In the next stage of the analysis, the characteristic values of the analyzed indicators in wastewater after the mechanical treatment process were determined in order to indicate mutual dependences of organic and biogenic indicators. Based on the analysis, it was found that wastewater after mechanical treatment (in the case of its susceptibility to biological decomposition processes of organic pollutants) has an unfavorable COD/BOD5 ratio. With regard to the susceptibility of wastewater to nitrification, denitrification and dephosphatation processes, in the majority of cases, wastewater is susceptible to these processes. It is recommended to apply an additional source of organic carbon to wastewater prior to biological treatment in order to improve the biodegradation of the analyzed pollutants.

7

Ocena funkcjonowania Gminnej Oczyszczalni Ścieków w Starych Babicach

Piekar Szymon

Forum Eksploatatora

|

2019

|

Nr 4 (103)

28-36

PL

W artykule przedstawiono ocenę funkcjonowania oczyszczalni ścieków w Gminie Stare Babice. Na podstawie udostępnionych wyników badań fizykochemicznych ścieków surowych i oczyszczonych wyznaczone zostały następujące wskaźniki niezawodności pracy oczyszczalni ścieków: sprawność oczyszczania, współczynnik niezawodności technologicznej oraz ryzyko negatywnej oceny działania oczyszczalni w stosunku do badanych wskaźników zanieczyszczeń. Analiza obejmowała wskaźniki zanieczyszczeń, takie jak: BZT5 ChZT-CR zawiesinę ogólną, azot ogólny i fosfor ogólny. Okres wykonywanych badań obejmował lata 2017-2018. W wyniku wykonanej analizy określono skuteczność usuwania poszczególnych zanieczyszczeń na poziomie: BZT5 - 99,0%, ChZT-CR - 96,5%, zawiesina ogólna - 98,6%, azot ogólny - 94,0% oraz fosfor ogólny - 98,3%. Stwierdzono, że oczyszczalnia działa w sposób prawidłowy i oczyszcza ścieki do wartości normatywnej w stosunku do dopuszczalnych wartości wskaźników określonych w obowiązującym dla niej pozwoleniu wodnoprawnym wydanym przez Starostę Warszawskiego Zachodniego Gminnemu Przedsiębiorstwu Komunalnemu „EKO-BABICE” Sp. z o.o. w Starych Babicach z dnia 10 września 2015 r.

8

Use of the macromodel DNS/SWAT to calculate the natural background of TN and TP in surface waters for the RAC parameter

Wilk Paweł, Orlińska-Woźniak Paulina

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

|

2019

|

Vol. 12, no. 1

171--179

EN

Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) get into surface waters from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Anthropogenic sources have been relatively well recognised but the natural emmission of nutrients into the rivers, in the case of many catchments, remains a mystery. The paper describes the possibility of using a tool, the Macromodel DNS/SWAT (Discharge Nutrient Sea/Soil and Water Assessment Tool), to estimate the concentration and load of natural background (Natural Pollutant Concentration - NPC and Natural Pollution Load - NPL) for TN and TP and thus to specify the previously developed method of river absorption capacity - RAC. A variant scenario was developed allowing for a “virtual” change in the use of the area of an analysed catchment. This allowed the simulation of the amount of TN and TP in the waters of the main river, the Warta, in a situation where there was no anthropogenic phenomenon in the area. NPC and NPL results were obtained for six calculation profiles located on the central Warta main stream. On this basis, the total absorbency of the Total River Absorption Capacity - RACT River was calculated. The obtained results indicate an increasing pollution of the analyzed river on subsequent Surface Water Bodies (SWB). The values of RAC and RACt parameters for both TN and TP were reduced between the opening and closing profiles of the analyzed catchment by 2651 t/y (TN) and 86 t/y (TP), respectively.

9

Oszacowanie ładunku zanieczyszczeń biogennych transportowanych do Zatoki Gdańskiej przez Potok Oliwski

Matej-Łukowicz K., Nawrot N., Wojciechowska E.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2018

|

Vol. 19, nr 2

1--8

PL

Ciągłe zmiany w środowisku wynikające z zaspokajania ciągle rosnących potrzeb ludności mają poważne konsekwencje. Coraz częstsze zjawiska powodziowe, pogorszenie jakości wód powierzchniowych i zwiększające się zanieczyszczenie mórz są w dużym stopniu skutkiem działalności człowieka. Rosnący udział powierzchni uszczelnionej przyczynia się do zwiększenia zarówno stopnia zanieczyszczenia, jak i ilości wód opadowych, a w konsekwencji ładunku zanieczyszczeń. Celem pracy było określenie szacunkowego ładunku zanieczyszczeń biogennych dopływających do Morza Bałtyckiego z obszaru zlewni Potoku Oliwskiego, jednego z cieków przepływających przez teren miasta Gdańsk. W opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki badań jakości wody Potoku Oliwskiego, jednego z największych gdańskich odbiorników wód opadowych ze zlewnią o powierzchni prawie 29 km2. Próbki wody pobierano w sześciu punktach (trzech w zlewni naturalnej i trzech w zurbanizowanej) podczas pogody bezopadowej i po wystąpieniu epizodu opadowego. Oznaczono stężenia i obliczono ładunki roczne związków biogennych odprowadzanych do Zatoki Gdańskiej. Największy ładunek azotanów (V) i fosforu całkowitego odprowadzany jest latem i wynosi odpowiednio 4 tony NO3- w przeliczeniu na rok i prawie 2 tony Pog rocznie. Ortofosforany odprowadzane są głównie jesienią, a ich roczny ładunek wprowadzany do Morza Bałtyckiego to prawie 4 tony. Większość substancji biogennych pochodzi ze zlewni zurbanizowanej, dlatego należy w tym obszarze zlokalizować i ograniczyć źródła zanieczyszczeń.

EN

Flood events, worse condition of surface waters, and pollution of sea waters are associated with the anthropogenic changes in the environment. Increasing pollution and the amount of rainwater – raise the pollution load as a result of increasing the built-up area. The aim of the study was to investigate the pollution load coming from a catchment in Gdansk to the Baltic Sea by stream. The study presents the results of water quality tests in the Oliwa Stream. It is one of the largest rainwater receivers in Gdansk with a catchment area of almost 29 km2. Water samples were collected at six points (three in the natural catchment and three in urbanized catchment). The pollutant concentrations were obtained from the tests On the basis of the results, the loads of biogenic compounds introduced into the Gulf of Gdansk were calculated. The largest load of nitrates (V) and total phosphorus is discharged in the summer and amounts to 4 tons NO3-and almost 2 tons of total phosphorus per year, respectively. Orthophosphates are discharged mainly in autumn, and their annual load is almost 4 tons. The majority of biogenic substances comes from the urbanized catchment; therefore, it is necessary to locate and limit the sources of pollution in this area.

10

Mathematical description of a river absorption capacity on the example of the middle Warta catchment

Wilk P., Orlińska-Woźniak P., Gębala J.

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 44, nr 4

99--116

EN

The paper presents a mathematical description of a module to determine the river absorption capacity (RAC), which is an extension of the Macromodel DNS/SWAT developed in IMGW-PIB. The balance equations of pollution loads are presented, as well as the mathematical description of the retention of pollutants, taking into account concentrations and loads of pollutants in selected river profiles. The developed mathematical module mRAC was tested in the Warta catchment between river calculation profiles Nowa Wieś Podgórna and Oborniki for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP).

11

Zmienność stosunku stężeń azotu i fosforu dla wybranych zlewni rzek przymorza

Wilk P., Orlińska-Woźniak P., Gębala J.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2017

|

Vol. 26, No. 1

55--65

PL

Wciąż aktualny problem nadmiernej eutrofizacji wód powierzchniowych, w tym Morza Bałtyckiego, sprawia, że istotne staje się nie tylko określenie samych stężeń związków biogennych w wybranych profilach rzecznych, ale również próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, który z pierwiastków jest czynnikiem limitującym wzrost biomasy. Produkcja biologiczna w wodach powierzchniowych jest zależna od wielu czynników, w tym od wzajemnych stosunków między azotem i fosforem w czasie fotosyntezy. Badania, których wyniki zaprezentowano w artykule, prowadzono w latach 2012–2014 na dwóch zlewniach rzek przymorza, Redze i Słupi, w trzech cyklach w ciągu roku obejmujących okres wegetacji roślin, okres po usunięciu roślin uprawnych z pól oraz okres wczesnowiosenny bezpośrednio po roztopach. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników przeanalizowano zmienności dobowe i sezonowe stężeń związków biogennych oraz określono, który z pierwiastków limituje przyrost biomasy na wybranych zlewniach, korzystając z zależności, jaka występuje między azotem i fosforem w wodach powierzchniowych, zwanej stosunkiem Redfielda.

EN

Due to the ever present problem of excessive eutrophication of both surface waters and their main receiver, i.e. Baltic Sea, it becomes important to determine not only the concentration of nutrients in selected river profiles, but also an attempt to answer the question of which of the elements is a factor limiting the growth of biomass. Biological production in surface area is dependent on a number of factors including the relations between the nitrogen and phosphorus during photosynthesis. The study, whose results were presented in the article, was conducted in 2012–2014 on two littoral river basins, Rega and Słupia, in three cycles throughout the year including both vegetation period, the period after the removal of crops from the fields and the period of early spring, immediately after the thaw snow. On the basis of the results were analyzed variability of daily and seasonal concentrations of biogenic compounds and on the basis determined which of the elements limits the increase in biomass in selected catchments using the dependence that exists between the nitrogen and phosphorus in surface waters called Redfield ratio.

12

Habitat Conditions of Canadian Goldenrod in a Selected Region of Eastern Poland

Bielecka A., Królak E., Biardzka E.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2017

|

Vol. 18, nr 4

76--81

EN

The Canadian goldenrod Solidago canadensis (L) is an invasive species in Poland. It occurs both in habitats only weakly impacted by anthropogenic factors as well as in habitats subjected to intensive transformations by humans. The aim of this study was to characterise the habitats of S. canadensis in Mińsk Mazowiecki and in out-of-town areas. It has been shown, based on an analysis of the principal soil properties, that the sites where S. canadensis was found had clayey-sandy soil and a C/N ratio indicative of medium and high soil degradation. Canadian goldenrod was found at sites with a diverse content of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in soil, as well as a diverse soil pH, indicative of a strongly acidic, acidic and alkaline character of the soil.

13

Redukcja związków biogennych na wybranych oczyszczalniach ścieków województwa podkarpackiego z uwzględnieniem warunków pogody suchej i mokrej

Młyńska A., Chmielowski K., Młyński D.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

|

2017

|

z. 64, nr 4/I

39--50

PL

W artykule dokonano analizy stopnia redukcji azotu ogólnego i fosforu ogólnego osiągniętego w 2015 roku na dwóch wybranych oczyszczalniach województwa podkarpackiego. Jak się okazuje, zachodzące w nich procesy biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków zapewniły wysoki poziom redukcji związków biogennych. Zauważono, że na skuteczność zmniejszania koncentracji związków azotu i fosforu nie wpłynęły warunki pogodowe związane z występowaniem bądź niewystępowaniem opadów atmosferycznych. Istnieje bowiem zagrożenie, że nadmierne ilości wód opadowych w systemach kanalizacyjnych powodują zmniejszanie ilości materii organicznej podatnej na biodegradację na skutek rozcieńczania ścieków i w konsekwencji obniżenie skuteczności usuwania zanieczyszczeń.

EN

In the article, the analysis of the reached reduction degree of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in 2015 on the two selected wastewater treatment plants of Podkarpackie Province was performed. As it turns out, the processes of biological sewage treatment on the both research objects provided a high level of biogenic compounds reduction. It was noted that the weather conditions related to the rainy or rainless weather did not affect the effectiveness of nitrogen compounds and phosphorus compounds concentration reduction. There is a risk, that an excessive amounts of rain water in sewage systems can contribute to the reduction of biodegradability organic matter as a consequence of sewage dilution and resulted in reduction sewage treatment effectiveness.

14

The importance of hourly nutrient concentration variability in terms of assessment of the surface water state in Słupia Pilot River

Wilk P., Gębala J., Orlińska-Woźniak P., Ostojski M.

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

|

2016

|

Vol. 4, Iss. 1

13--24

EN

Water eutrophication still causes many environmental and social problems, and so better quantification of the amount of nutrient loads discharged into surface waters is required. The basis for eutrophication analysis is data gathered in the frame of State Environmental Monitoring (SEM). In Poland, these measurements are carried out at the frequency of 6-12 times per year and serve as the basis for calculating the amount of nutrient input discharged to the sea. This article presents the results of the analysis of the representativeness of one measurement make two-hourly per day of the variability of total nutrient concentrations. For this purpose three cycles of field studies were carried out in accordance with plant growing season. The measurements were taken in November 2013, February 2014, and June 2014 in the Słupia River, at the site where it flows through the village of Charnowo (river profile). The analysis showed a significant change in the amount of total nutrient concentration during the day (up to 60% for total nitrogen and total phosphorus). This trend was maintained regardless of the stage of plant growth. Therefore, both the date for water sample collection and the time the measurement was taken become important for the subsequent evaluation of nutrient loads discharged into the sea. It is reasonable to assess the level of nutrient loads discharged into the sea not on the basis of a single measurement but based on the continuous registration of nutrients – this allows us to assign a daily average. It is also important from the point of view of the calibration of mathematical models, which are now an essential tool for analysing and forecasting environmental changes, and for which access to detailed data is very important.

15

Ocena stanu troficznego wód zbiorników zaporowych Jeziorsko i Sulejowskiego

Droździk A.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

|

2016

|

T. 19, nr 1

127--140

PL

Proces eutrofizacji zbiorników zaporowych jest bardzo istotnym problemem środowiskowym i ze względu na ich ważne funkcje gospodarcze musi być stale monitorowany. Trudności prognozowania stanu trofii wód oraz ograniczona możliwość sterowania procesem powodują potrzebę systematycznej kontroli przebiegu eutrofizacji w celu wczesnego reagowania. Wiarygodnej oceny dostarczają wskaźniki wieloparametrowe, odznaczające się wieloaspektowym podejściem do problemu. W badaniach przedstawionych w artykule do oceny stanu trofii wód zbiorników Jeziorsko i Sulejowskiego zastosowano integralny wskaźnik troficzności (ang. Index of Trophic State - ITS), który odzwierciedla bilans procesów produkcji i rozkładu substancji organicznej produkowanej przez glony oraz bazuje na wartościach pH i nasycenia wody tlenem, a więc standardowych pomiarach monitoringowych. Pozwala on dzięki temu w szybki i tani sposób ocenić stan trofii. W celu weryfikacji wyników uzyskanych z zastosowaniem integralnego wskaźnika troficzności (ITS) przeprowadzono również ocenę według wartości granicznych koncentracji fosforu całkowitego i chlorofilu „a” ustalonych przez Vollenweidera i OECD. Ocena stanu troficznego wód obu zbiorników dokonana na podstawie różnych metod charakteryzuje się bardzo zbliżonymi wynikami, co potwierdziło zasadność zastosowania wskaźnika ITS do oceny stanu troficznego wód.

EN

The natural eutrophication process can be accelerated as the result of anthropogenic activity. The intensification of eutrophication process leads to destroying of the balance between synthesis and destruction of organic compounds that in turn results in the disturbance of ecological equilibrium of whole aquatic ecosystem. Taking into account the high dynamics of eutrophication process and its negative consequence, the continuous monitoring of water trophic state is necessary for early detecting the changes and taking appropriate action. The aim of the paper was the assessment of water trophic state of two dam reservoirs: Jeziorsko and Sulejowski on the base of long-term monitoring within analyzed period 2010-2014. The localization of the reservoirs is borderland between the Małopolska Upland and Środkowopolska Lowland, administrative localization is Łódź Province and they are managed by Regional Water Management Authority in Poznań and by Regional Water Management Authority in Warszawa. The monitoring of Jeziorsko Reservoir was carried out in one measurement-control point above the dam. The monitoring of Sulejowski Reservoir was carried out in three measurement-control points: near to the Pilica river inflow, in the middle of reservoir and above the dam. The database includes monitoring measurements realized in 2011 and 2014 on Jeziorsko Reservoir and in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014 on Sulejowski Reservoir. The values of reservoirs’ water quality parameters were obtained from Province Environmental Protection Inspectorate in Łódź, which realizes the surface water monitoring including artificial lakes, as a part of the State Environment Monitoring Program. The assessment of water trophic state was carried out using the Index of Trophic State (ITS) which is based on the existing of linear relationship between pH and oxygen content in water, the parameters indirectly expressing the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in water. Eutrophication is a consequence of the disturbance of the balance between synthesis and destruction of organic compounds produced by water vegetation, which leads to the changes in content of oxygen and carbon dioxide in water. The results of water trophic state assessment obtained on the base of ITS index indicated the eutrophic and mesoeutrophic level in both reservoirs. The results obtained with the help of ITS were verified by the results obtained on the base of total phosphorus and chlorophyll “a” threshold values determined by Vollenweider and OECD. The assessment of water trophic state on the base of multiparametric Index of Trophic State (ITS) was confirmed by assessment based on threshold values of single parameters. This proves that ITS index is useful and justified. High trophic state of both reservoirs within whole research period showed that this trend is enduring for multi-year period.

16

Efektywność usuwania związków azotu i fosforu ze ścieków mleczarskich w reaktorze beztlenowym z klatkowym systemem mieszania

Hajduk A., Dębowski M., Zieliński M., Ligus A.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2016

|

Nr 48

78--87

PL

Alternatywą dla tlenowych systemów oczyszczania ścieków są reaktory beztlenowe. Projektując je zwraca się uwagę na odpowiednie wypełnienie, systemy pompowe, czy systemy mieszania umożliwiające zmniejszenie ograniczeń technologicznych, które przyczyniają się do poprawy efektów końcowych takich jak, ilość i jakość powstającego biogazu oraz jakość ścieków oczyszczonych. Prezentowane badania dotyczyły oceny efektywności usuwania związków biogennych z syntetycznych ścieków mleczarskich za pomocą innowacyjnego reaktora beztlenowego wyposażonego w mieszadło klatkowe. Efektywność usuwania związków organicznych w wykonanych badaniach wynosiła od 96,25% do 99,03%. Stężenie azotu ogólnego w ściekach surowych kształtowało się na poziomie od 148,36±0 mg N/dm3 do 593,42±94,92 mg N/dm3, a w oczyszczonych od 21,66±19,71 mg N/dm do 28,73±0,4 mg N/dm3. Stężenie fosforu ogólnego w ściekach surowych kształtowało się na poziomie od 110±0 mg P/dm3 do 441,16±19,83 mg P/dm3, a w oczyszczonych od 16,49±16,13 mg P/dm3 do 354±14,18 mg P/dm3. Zawartość metanu w wytwarzanym biogazie kształtowała się na poziomie od 0,0413 dm3 na 1g ChZT wprowadzonego do 0,4367 dm3 na 1g ChZT wprowadzonego.

EN

An alternative to aerobic wastewater treatment systems are anaerobic reactors. When designing anaerobic reactors attention is paid to the appropriate filling, pumping systems, or mixing systems, enabling the reduction of technological limitations, which contribute to the improvement of end effects such as, quantity and quality of the resulting biogas and the quality of treated wastewater. Described experiment related to researches on the evaluation of the efficiency of removing contaminations from synthetic dairy waste water using anaerobic reactor equipped with an innovative mixing system. The efficiency of removal of organic compounds made studies ranged from 96.25% to 99.03%. The concentration of total nitrogen in raw wastewater was at a level of 148,36 ± 0 mg N/dm3 to 593,42 ± 94,92 mg N/dm3, and treated wastewater from 21,66 ± 19,71 mg N/dm3 to 28,73 ± 0.4 mg N/dm3. The concentration of total phosphorus in raw wastewater was at a level of 110 ± 0 mg P/dm3 to 441,16 ± 19,83 mg P/ dm3, and treated wastewater from 16,49 ± 16,13 mg P/dm3 to 354 ± 14,18 mg P/dm3. The methane content of the biogas produced was at a level of from 0.0413 dm3 per 1 g COD introduced to 0.4367 dm3 per 1 g COD introduced.

17

General characteristics of the quantity and quality of sewage sludge from selected wastewater treatment plants in the Świętokrzyskie Province

Gawdzik J., Długosz J., Urbaniak M.

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2015

|

Vol. 41, nr 2

107--117

EN

Five wastewater treatment plants from the Świętokrzyskie Province have been briefly described, and a general analysis of the composition and quantity of sewage sludge from the data objects has been conducted. The paper also presents various ways of management of sewage sludge. The authors analyzed sediments from the wastewater treatment plant for PE in the range of 15 000–99 999 located in Ostrowiec, Opatów, Starachowice, Skarżysko-Kamienna, and in Sandomierz. The sludge was characterized in terms of its quantity and quality, the content of heavy metals, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, and organic solids.

18

Role of Lake Symsar in the reduction of phosphorus concentration in surface runoff from agricultural lands

Potasznik A., Szymczyk S., Sidoruk M., Świtajska I. J.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2014

|

no. 20

39--44

EN

The study was aimed at assessing the role of Lake Symsar in the reduction of phosphorus delivered mainly by the Symsarna River. Studies were carried out since March 2011 till October 2013 in the catchment basin of Lake Symsar situated in north-eastern Poland. Every month surface water samples representative for the catchment were taken for phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) and total phosphorus (TP) analyses. Obtained results were analysed with the distinction of vegetative and non-vegetative season. Lake Symsar is the last water body in the Symsarna River system. The river divides the lake into main basin and a bay part. Concentrations of PO4-P were higher by 17% in the former than in the latter part, TP concentrations showed reverse proportions. The highest concentrations of TP were noted in a forest stream and the highest concentrations of PO4-P in the Tolknicka Struga. Reduced concentrations of both P forms were found in waters of the Symsarna River downstream its outflow from the lake. With respect to the concentrations of PO4-P and TP, waters of the Symsarna River up- and downstream the lake were ascribed to the 1st class of water quality. Through-flow Lake Symsar improves the quality of waters (the Symsarna River and smaller streams) draining agricultural catchment by the reduction of concentrations of phosphorus compounds.

PL

Celem badań była ocena roli jeziora Symsar w zmniejszaniu ilości fosforu, dopływającego do akwenu głównie rzeką, Symsarna. Badania nad wpływem jeziora Symsar w zmniejszaniu stężenia fosforu pochodzącego ze zlewni rolniczej były realizowane od marca 2011 do października 2013 r. w zlewni jeziora Symsar usytuowanego w północno-wschodniej Polsce. Obejmowały comiesięczne pobieranie próbek wody powierzchniowej, reprezentatywnych dla badanej zlewni, w celu przeprowadzenia analizy oceny zawartości w nich fosforu fosforanowego (PO4-P) oraz ogólnego (TP). Uzyskane wyniki poddano analizie z uwzględnieniem sezonu wegetacyjnego i pozawegetacyjnego. Jezioro jest ostatnim zbiornikiem w systemie rzeki Symsarna. Rzeka dzieli akwen na dwie części – akwen główny oraz część zatokową. W wodach głównego akwenu stężenie fosforu fosforanowego było o 17% większe niż w części zatokowej, z kolei zawartość fosforu ogólnego była mniejsza. Największą koncentrację odnotowano w wodzie cieku leśnego (TP) oraz Tolknickiej Strugi (PO4-P). W wodzie rzeki Symsarna, poniżej wypływu z jeziora zaobserwowano zmniejszenie zawartości badanych form fosforu. Ze względu na zawartość fosforu fosforanowego oraz fosforu ogólnego wody rzeki Symsarna powyżej oraz poniżej jeziora kwalifikowały się do I klasy jakości. Przepływowe jezioro Symsar – poprzez zmniejszenie zawartości form fosforu w wodach rzeki Symsarna – wpłynęło na poprawę jakości wód odpływających z akwenu.

19

Ocena pracy laboratoryjnego reaktora typu SBR na tle założeń projektowych

Jaromin-Gleń K. M., Łagód G.

Proceedings of ECOpole

|

2013

|

Vol. 7, No. 2

609--615

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań prowadzonych z wykorzystaniem reaktora typu SBR w skali laboratoryjnej, który pracował w cyklu 12-godzinnym. Eksperyment prowadzony był w stałych warunkach temperaturowych, dzięki umieszczeniu komory reaktora w łaźni stabilizowanej termicznie - przy stałej temperaturze 20°C. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań uzyskanych podczas próbnego rozruchu reaktora typu SBR (o całkowitej objętości 10 dm3) wraz z jego danymi technologicznymi. Wyniki zestawiono także z założeniami projektowymi oraz odniesiono do regulacji prawnych dotyczących efektów oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych. Ponadto niniejsze opracowanie porusza problem wpływu obciążenia suchej masy osadu ładunkiem zanieczyszczeń na sprawność procesu oczyszczania ścieków i jednocześnie przedstawia zauważone korelacje występujące pomiędzy skutecznością redukcji poziomu poszczególnych wskaźników zanieczyszczeń (ChZT, zawiesina ogólna, fosfor ogólny, azot ogólny, ogólny węgiel organiczny).

EN

The paper presents the results of analyzes carried out on the laboratory scale SBR reactor, which worked at a 12 hour schedule. The experiment was conducted at the constant thermal conditions by placing the reactor chamber in a stabilized bath temperature - at a const temperature of 20°C. Proposed article presents the results of test run of the reactor SBR on a laboratory scale (total volume of 10 dm3) with its technological data. The results obtained relative to the project assumptions and legal regulations concerning the quality of wastewater treatment. Study raises also the problem of the impact of pollutants load onto volatile solids (F/M food to mass ratio) on the quality of wastewater treatment. Furthermore paper shows the observed correlations which exist between the removal efficiency of various pollutant indicators (COD, TSS, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, TOC).

20

Instrumentalna metoda oznaczania całkowitej zawartości fosforu w popiele lotnym

Jarocka A., Ślęzak E.

Prace Instytutu Ceramiki i Materiałów Budowlanych

|

2013

|

R. 6, nr 15

7--17

PL

Nowelizacja normy PN-EN 450-1:2012 wprowadza liczne zmiany dotyczące częstotliwości oraz metod badań dla popiołów lotnych stosowanych do produkcji betonu. Zmiany te dotyczą m.in. oznaczenia całkowitej zawartości fosforu, który należy oznaczać według ISO 29581-2 – Cement-Test methods. Part 2: Chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence (metoda referencyjna). Dzięki temu, że norma PN-EN 450-1:2012 pozwala na zastosowanie metod własnych, postanowiono przygotować alternatywną metodę badawczą oznaczenia całkowitej zawartości fosforu w popiele lotnym. Opracowano metodę kolorymetryczną wykorzystującą powstawanie barwnego kompleksu fosforomolibdenianu antymonu, który w reakcji z kwasem askorbinowym (jako reduktorem) tworzy kompleks błękitu molibdenowego, a zawartość fosforu wyznacza się spektrofotometrycznie, na podstawie absorbancji kompleksu przy długości fali 880 nm, przeliczając zgodnie ze wzorem zawartym w opracowanej instrukcji jako procent masy P2O5. Przygotowana metoda została doświadczalnie potwierdzona i udokumentowana na podstawie obiektywnego dowodu, że zostały spełnione wszelkie aspekty gwarantujące poprawność wyniku.

EN

The amendment to the standard PN-EN 450-1:2012 introduces a number of changes in the frequency and test methods for fly ash used in concrete. These changes relate, among others to indication of the total phosphorus content, which should be measured according to ISO 29581-2 – Cement – Test methods. Part 2: Chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence (reference method). Thanks to the PN-EN 450-1:2012 allows the use of own methods, decided to prepare an alternative test method for determination of total phosphorus content in fly ash. The developed method is a colorimetric method utilizing the formation of a colored complex of antimony phosphomolybdate, which is in reaction with ascorbic acid (as a reductor) forms a complex of molybdenum blue, and the phosphorus content is determined by spectrophotometry by the absorbance of the complex at 880 nm, converting in the format set in the instructions as % by mass of P2O5. Prepared method was experimentally confirmed and documented on the basis of impartial evidence, that all aspects ensuring the correctness of the result were fulfilled.