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The effect of anthropogenic activities on the spatial distribution of total nitrogen and total phosphate in Lake Maninjau

Komala Puti S., Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini, Kurniati Roselyn I., Fauzi Mhd

Journal of Water and Land Development

2024

no. 60

71--78

This study aimed to analyse the effect of anthropogenic activities on the spatial distribution of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphate (TP) in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia, during the dry season. Sampling was carried out at ten observation locations representative for various activities around the lake. Cluster analysis and ANOVA were used to classify pollutant sources and observe differences between TN and TP at each site. Concentrations of TN and TP are categorised as oligotrophic-eutrophic. The ANOVA showed spatially that some sampling locations, such as the Tanjung Sani River, floating net cages, and hydropower areas have different TN concentrations. At the same time, TP levels were consistently significantly different across sampling sites. ANOVA and cluster analysis confirmed that floating net cages were the first cluster and the primary contributor to TN and TP. The second and third clusters come from anthropogenic activities around the lake, such as agriculture, settlement, and livestock. The fourth cluster with the lowest TN and TP is the river that receives the anthropogenic activity load but has a high flow velocity. The cluster change analysis needs to be conducted when there are future changes in the composition of floating net cages, agriculture, and settlements.

Surface Water Pollution from Urban and Industrial Waste – A Case Study of the Lumbardhi River Flow, Prizren (Kosovo)

Gashi Sami, Sofiu Vehbi, Balaj Nexhat

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 7

30--37

Surface water pollution is mainly due to large urbanization, agricultural waste and discharges of production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pollutant parameters of surface waters effluents contaminated by synthetic detergents and organic chemical substances. During the study, the following physico-chemical parameters were analyzed: phosphate ion (PO43−), total phosphate (TP), sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10), sodium perborate (NaBO3n H2O ), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO−3), nitrite (NO2−), water temp. (°C), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH). The correlation between the source water and the current level of pollution of this river was measured in four locations: (Prevalla L1 ; Reqane L2; City park L3; Vlashnje L4) along the surface course of the Lumbardhi River in Prizren. From the results of the study for both time periods, the chemical parameters values of phosphate ion (PO43−) for May, 2022 according to monitoring of physico-chemical parameters in Lumbardhi River in Prizren were 0.01. The value of total phosphate (TP) was 0.002, for sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10). The water quality of the Lumbardhi river directly depends on the amount of flows in the river. Poor quality of the water is more pronounced during the month of October, when the amount of flows in the river is smaller. Location (L3) had higher pollution as a result of the discharge of urban sewage and city waste. Research has shown the presence of different forms of phosphorus that are higher in the (L2 and L3) locations.