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1

An influence of methane/hydrogen proportion in fuel blend on efficiency of conversion energy in SI engine

Flekiewicz M., Kubica G.

Journal of KONES

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2012

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Vol. 19, No. 3

117-124

EN

The relations between methane/hydrogen proportions in fuel blend are presented in this paper. The research cycle carried out contains results of dynamometer chassis tests complemented with mathematical model calculations. An object of X16SZR engine installed in Opel Astra I was investigation. The engine has been equipped with additional CNG feeding system where fuel is being injected into intake manifold under low pressure. 8 fuel blends were tested with variable methane/hydrogen volume proportion (%): 100/0, 95/5, 90/10, 85/15, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40 and 50/50. The feeding and ignition systems were controlled by nominal drivers. In every measuring series engine was tested in the following steady states: on idle, high speed without load and full power at discrete variable speed in range 1500…3500 rpm. The main aspect of the analysis was to identify the influence of hydrogen share on engine parameters such power, fuel consumption, in-cylinder pressure, temperature and exhaust gas composition. Very significant ecological fact possibility of CO2 emission reduction has been identified. Result of increasing content of hydrogen in fuel mixture is engine knocking. Analysis carried out on the basis of results allowed it to the point on methane/hydrogen proportion in fuel blend considering a total efficiency, emission and heat flux in parts of combustion chamber in engine.

2

Sprawność elektryczna nagrzewnicy indukcyjnej użytej w procesie wyżarzania taśm miedzianych

Barglik J., Dołęga D., Smagór A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2011

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R. 87, nr 7

9-11

PL

Jednym z głównych obszarów zastosowania technologii nagrzewania indukcyjnego są procesy obróbki cieplnej, takie jak: wyżarzanie, hartowanie, odpuszczanie itp. Kluczowym parametrem decydującym o efektywności nagrzewnic indukcyjnych jest sprawność elektryczna układu wzbudnik-wsad. W artykule zajęto się modelowaniem matematycznym nagrzewania indukcyjnego cienkich taśm ze stopów miedzi stosowanych w procesie ich wyżarzania. Do analizy numerycznej zastosowano profesjonalne programy komputerowe przeznaczone do obliczania pola elektromagnetycznego i temperaturowego, uzupełnione o własne procedury autorskie. Porównano uzyskane sprawności elektryczne układów wzbudnik-wsad dla różnych konfiguracji i właściwości nagrzewanego materiału, Wyniki symulacji komputerowej porównano z pomiarami przeprowadzonymi na stanowiskach doświadczalnych.

EN

One of the main area in application of induction heating technologies is a process of heat treatment like for instance annealing or hardening. A key parameter influenced on effectiveness of induction heater seems to be an electrical efficiency of inductor-workpiece system. Mathematical modeling of induction heating of thin copper strips used for their annealing was presented in the paper. For numerical analysis of coupled electromagnetic and temperature fields professional software supplemented by single-owned procedure was used. Obtained electrical efficiency for different parameters of inductor-workpiece system and properties of heated material was compared. Results of computer simulation were compared with measurements done on laboratory stands.

3

Modification of the SI engine parameters with adaptation control of compression ratio

Sendyka B., Soczówka J.

Silniki Spalinowe

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2009

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R. 48, SC2

326--330

EN

The first part of the publication comprises the idea of controlling compression ratio in the SI engine. It is also shown the impact of flexible stage of compression on the parameters of the engine and improving them. The publication also reveals the system of adaptive control and benefits gained from it. Moreover, the factors influencing the controlling system, forces operating on controlling system by variable compression ratio are also presented. The second part of the publication presents the results of experimental researches on engines with adaptation controlling of flexible compression ratio. There are also shown charts of the engine performance to the limits of ranges for controlling taking into consideration the lowest and highest range of compression in the function of rotational speed. The last part includes conclusions concerning benefits from applying the flexible compression ratio and adaptation controlling system. It also mentions possibilities of adapting the system to stock production.

PL

W pierwszej części publikacji zawarta jest idea sterowania stopniem sprężania w silniku ZI. Przedstawiono wpływ zmiennego stopnia sprężania na parametry silnika i polepszenie tych parametrów. Pokazany jest układ adaptacyjnego sterowania oraz korzyści uzyskane z jego zastosowania. Przedstawiono także czynniki wpływające na układ sterowania, siły działające na układ sterowania zmiennym stopniem sprężania. Opisano główne elementy składowe układu sterowania oraz wielkości sterujące układem. W drugiej części publikacji przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnego silnika z adaptacyjnym sterowaniem zmiennego stopnia sprężania. Przestawiono wykresy sprawności ogólnej silnika w granicznych zakresach sterowania dla najmniejszego i największego stopnia sprężania w funkcji prędkości obrotowej dla jednakowych obciążeń. W końcowej części zawarto wnioski na temat korzyści płynących z zastosowania zmiennego stopnia sprężania oraz adaptacyjnego układu sterowania. Opisano możliwość przystosowania takiego układu do produkcji seryjnej.

4

Nakładkowe drzewa logiczne dla kryterium kompromisu w optymalizacji dyskretnej na przykładzie pomp zębatych

Grabowski C., Partyka M.

Górnictwo Odkrywkowe

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2008

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R. 49/2, nr 4-5

78-81

PL

Optymalizacja pompy zębatej wymaga obliczenia sprawności objętościowej, hydrauliczno-mechanicznej oraz całkowitej. Ze względu na konflikt modelowy często oblicza się bezpośrednio sprawność całkowitą przy założeniu spełnienia dopuszczalnego pozostałych sprawności. Nakładkowe drzewa logiczne są dodatkową niezależną metodą.

EN

Optimization of the gear pump requires calculations of volumetric, mechanical and total efficiencies. Because of the model conflict, total efficiency is often calculated on the assumption that the other efficiencies are acceptable. Multiple-dimensional logical trees are the additional independent method.

5

Total efficiency of adjustable compression ratio SI engine

Sendyka B., Kula K., Kudzia S., Soczowka J.

Journal of KONES

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2007

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Vol. 14, No. 4

401-407

EN

The following paper includes adjustable ratio spark ignition engine's total efficiency analysis. Main modification of the engine is mounting of crankshaft on eccentric mechanism. Paper presents schemes of eccentric mechanism implemented in developed engine as well as adjustable compression ratio control system's block diagram. Propulsion from stepper motor is transmitted through self-locking worm gear. Value of compression ratio varies from 9.5 to 14. The main input signal for electronic control system is coming from knock-sensor mounted on the engine. If control system doesn't receive that signal it levels up compression ratio. As soon as signal appears ratio mentioned above is reduced by a value 0.05. During the investigation rotational speed of the engine was limited to nterval 1800-4000 [rpm] and throttle was partially closed. Relative increase of Suzuki engine's total efficiency presented in this paper surpasses 30 per cent. The outcome of investigation presents engine with variable compression ratio as a good prospect for the future. Constant adjustment of compression ratio with use of electronical control system allows significant improvement of total efficiency and consequently reducing fuel consumption.

6

The description of the total efficiency of 2SZ-FE engine with the variable valve timing

Sendyka B., Sochan A., Noga M., Rodak Ł.

Journal of KONES

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2007

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Vol. 14, No. 2

401-407

EN

In this paper there were conducted tests of the combustion engine with the Atkinson cycle and with applying variable valve timing. There was described the 2SZ-FE engine characteristics and assigned the total efficiency before and after application of the phase shifter. Secondly, there was determined the thermal efficiency of the single engine work cycles and also engine 's total efficiency by using the optoelectronic pressure sensor and mathematical programme. After that, it was available to present the range of the variable valve timing. Atkinson system, phases of 2SZ-FE engine timing gear, the total efficiency distribution during 75 % of throttle opening and when inlet valves are open, the total efficiency increase during 75 % of throttle opening, the total efficiency distribution during 50 % of throttle opening and when suction valves are open, the total efficiency increase during 50 % of throttle opening, the total efficiency distribution during 25 % of throttle opening and when inlet valves are opened, the total efficiency increase during 25 % of throttle opening, the total efficiency distribution with application of phases shifter are presented in the paper.

7

Determination of the total efficiency of direct injection SI engine working on stratified charge

Cygnar M., Sendyka B.

Journal of KONES

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2006

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Vol. 13, No. 2

59-65

EN

The paper presents determination of the total efficiency of GDI Engine working on stratified charge. For the determination of the total efficiency of a Gasoline Direct Injection engine, test bed investigations were carried out with the aim to determine the speed and load characteristics of the investigated engine. On this basis, the total efficiency of a GDI engine can be determined. The results of the performed analysis were given in two-dimensional diagrams. Characteristics of full power and torque in dependence on rotational speed, characteristics of torque for increasingly smaller partial powers in function of rotational speed, characteristics of partial loads r in function of rotational speed, relation of fuel consumption per hour and per unit for full value of rated power in dependence on rotational speed, load characteristics of fuel consumption in function of torque at constant rotational speeds, relation of fuel consumption in function of rotational speed and relation of total efficiency eta0 in function of rotational speed are presented in the paper.