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1 2010

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Analiza zmian nazw lokalnych Chełmska Śląskiego i Racławiczek w XX wieku jako przykład geograficznych badań przestrzeni toponimicznej Śląska

Chylińska D., Kosmala G.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

2010

T. 42, nr 1

30-39

Autorzy poruszają problematykę zmian w lokalnej przestrzeni toponimicznej Śląska w XX wieku. Analizowano przemiany i zanikanie nazw lokalnych na przykładzie dwóch miejscowości: dolnośląskiego Chełmska Śląskiego i górnośląskich Racławiczek, na tle procesów historyczno-politycznych i społeczno-kulturowych regionu, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zróżnicowania krajobrazowego i społecznego miejscowości.

Toponomastic research is rarely conducted by geographers. Such research is however essential at the time when many local names are disappearing, because they contain often underrated and unused information about human relations with the environment. They tell how Man cultivated the Land, how he dominated the landscape and described his daily environment. Thus local names can add to the research of XXth century geography, history, culture, society and economy. Two locations were selected for the research, Chełmsko Śląskie in the Lower Silesia and Racławiczki in the Upper Silesia. They differ in many respects. Differences in spatial, functional, economic and social characteristics and different history made it possible to account for factors which could have affected the state and changes in local toponymy. Due to the lack of source data about local names, field research turned out to be necessary. 47 interviews were conducted (30 in Chełmsko Śląskie and 17 in Racławiczki), with respondents chosen with the method of purposive sampling. As a result a set of 150 local names (40 in Chełmsko Śląskie and over 100 in Racławiczki) was assembled, which in most regards can be treated as complete. The article discusses changes in local toponymy, accounting for historie, landscape and social condi-tions. It points out variety of toponymic spaces which can overlap or exist separately and independently, sometimes at the same location. Analyzed local names carry various funetions. Most important funetions are: descriptive, sociological, factographic. It seems that in most cases local names serve as 'geographic markers'. Most intensiveness unanimously agree that perspectives of development of toponyms are not optimistic. Therefore it is even more important to preserve or at least archive local names.