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2 2014

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Zastosowanie tokoferolu i kwasu acetylosalicylowego w ochronie tkanki kostnej przed skutkami doświadczalnego zatrucia 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioksyną (TCDD)

Dobrzyński M., Bazan J., Gamian A, Rosińczuk-Tonderys J, Parulska O, Całkosiński I.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

2014

Tom 16, cz. 1

300--322

Dioxins are released into the environment as by-products of technological processes, i.a. in the chemical industry, pulp and paper industry, metallurgical industry, textile industry and dyeing industry. Dioxins are a group of compounds recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as carcinogens of Group A since 01/06/1997. The carcinogenic action has been demonstrated on animals. Despite stringent obligations arising from the provisions of The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants on reducing POPs emissions to the environment (including dioxins) emission of these substances is still significant. These compounds often enter the food chain in random or intentional way and accumulate in organisms in the top of the food chain. This leads to the poisoning of the organism and appearance of clinical symptoms. According to the real hazard of poisoning the people, especially employed in the chemical industry, who are exposed to dioxins, research to determine the impact of these xenobiotics on various tissues and organs as well as to develop of effective pharmacological prevention is constantly conducted. Despite of the wide spectrum of the assessment of dioxins biological effects among humans and animals, there are only a few publications evaluating the impact of dioxins on the bone tissue. The main components of the fully functional bone are calcium phosphates and magnesium phosphates. From the proper saturation of bone matrix with salts of these chemical elements (mineralization) depends the hardness and elasticity of the bone. The young bone mineralization is controlled by a group of proteins, from which the most important is osteonectin, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase. Many xenobiotics, including dioxins, have a negative influence on the biosynthesis of these proteins. The measurement of calcium and magnesium concentration in bone is one of the methods for assessing bone destruction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodobenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in rats on calcium and magnesium levels in bone tissue of their offspring. Moreover the aim of this study was to check whether the administration of the dioxin receptor antagonists – tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid – can reduce negative effects of dioxin action. Study was performed on 2-day newborns of Buffalo strain rats. Lower levels of calcium and magnesium was found both in cranial vault bones and the knee from newborns of mothers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. It was shown that administration of mothers exposed to 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin tocopherol or acetylsalicylic acid prevent decreases in calcium and magnesium concentrations in the bone tissue of the offspring.

Wykorzystanie składników ekstraktu z liści orzecha włoskiego Juglans regia L do zwalczania grzybów z gatunku Ascosphaera apis

Garbaczewska S., Cieniecka-Rosłonkiewicz A., Michalczyk A., Kielczewska A.

Chemik

2014

Vol. 68, nr 2

117--122

Zarodniki grzyba z gatunku Ascosphaera apis wywołują u pszczół grzybicę wapienną (otorbielakową), inaczej zwaną askosferiozą. Porażenie askosferiozą powoduje zamieranie czerwiu i jego mumifikację. Zbadano wpływ ekstraktu z liści orzecha i otrzymanych w wyniku jego chromatograficznego rozdziału frakcji na liniowy wzrost grzybni A. apis w warunkach in vitro na podłożu agarowym. Aktywność ekstraktu z liści była niewielka i wynosiła 45%, natomiast jedna z otrzymanych z jego rozdziału frakcji wykazywała 80% zahamowania rozwoju grzybni. Zawartość aktywnej frakcji zidentyfikowano metodą GC-MS i DI-MS i IR. Zbadano przeciwgrzybiczewłaściwości juglonu – substancji aktywnej obecnej w ilości 0,3% (GC-MS) w badanej frakcji. Wyznaczono MIC juglonu dla A. apis, które wynosiło 2500 mg/l. Stwierdzono również 58,6% (GC-MS) zawartość -tokoferolu, dlatego zbadano jego wpływ na hamowanie rozwoju A. apis. Nie zaobserwowano jednak inhibicji wzrostu grzybni. Zbadano także właściwości przeciwgrzybicze eugenolu występującego w ilości 4,7% (GC-MS) w badanej frakcji i wyznaczono jego MIC, które wyniosło 10 000 mg/l.

Ascosphaera apis is the fungal cause of the honey bee larvae disease chalkbrood. The influence of the extract from the leaves of the walnut (Juglans regia L) and obtained by the chromatographic separation fraction of the linear A. apis mycelium growth in vitro were tested. The antifungal activity of extract was weak (45%) but one obtained fraction showed 80% inhibition of fungal growth. The active components and relative contents in most active fraction were analyzed by GC-MS, DI-MS and IR. The juglone –active components present in an amount of 0.3% were tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test activity of juglone against A. apis was determined and was equal 2500 mg/l. In the active fraction dominated -tocopherol (58.6% by GC-MS). The activity -tocopherol against A. apis were tested, but we didn’t observed inhibit mycelium growth. The eugenol (4.6% by GC-MS) identified in active fractionalso were tested with MIC values in the order of 10 000 mg/l.