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EN
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of internal architecture of 3D printed scaffolds on their mechanical properties. The polycaprolactone scaffolds with six different internal architectures fabricated by rapid prototyping method were tested in this study. The scaffolds were plotted using a 330 μm dispensing needle, layer by layer with lay-down pattern of the fibers: 00/150/300; 00/300/600; 00/450/900, 00/600/1200, 00/750/1500 and 00/900/1800. Morphological analyses and mechanical properties examinations were performed. The obtained scaffolds had structures with high open porosity (50-60%) and interconnected pores ranging from 380 to 400 μm. The different lay-down pattern and the angle deposition of successive fiber layers resulted in different internal architecture and pore shape of the constructs, what was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and microtomography analyzes. The geometries 00/900/1800 and 00/600/1200 were characterized with the most regular shape of pores between all analyzed architectures. The pores for 00/150/300 and 00/300/600 were not regular and arranged as a ladder-like helicoid structures. The lay-down pattern of the fibers affected significantly the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. The Young’s modulus (E) of the scaffolds was increasing with increase of the angle deposition between successive layers. The scaffolds were also subjected to cyclic loading and again geometry and mechanical properties were under investigation. For all type of scaffolds the differences of mechanical properties after dynamic compression have been noticed. The geometries 00/900/1800 and 00/600/1200 exhibited the highest Young’s Modulus after dynamic compression according to the rest of analyzed samples. According to the conducted research there is a clear correlation between internal architecture of polymeric scaffolds and their mechanical properties.
EN
The objectives of this study were to confirm the shape memory behavior of two new bioresorbable terpolymers (L-lactide, glycolide, and trimethylene carbonate: L-PLGTMC and B-PLGTMC), to follow the influence of the shape memory process on their surface properties and to test their cytocompatibility using osteoblast-like cells. For this purpose, foils of both terpolymers were prepared. The terpolymers' ability to recover up to 92-93% of the memorized shape within 10 seconds was obtained. The influence of shape memory process on the surface properties was assessed by water contact angle (WCA) measurement and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the results suggested that both terpolymers preserved the hydrophilicity after recovery and also that B-PLGTMC polymer was rougher than L-PLGTMC (about 9 folds more). The AFM pictures showed the presence of spherical shape hills on the B-PLGTMC foil surface which after the stretching procedure became oriented toward the direction of the applied load. The terpolymers were seeded on both sides (Top and Bottom faces) with human MG63 osteoblast-like cells. Cell viability was assessed after 1, 3 and 7 days, using MTT assay. Results revealed an increasing number of metabolically active cells with the incubation time, suggesting, together with nitric oxide (NO) level determination, the cytocompatibility of both terpolymers. Cell spreading and morphology were investigated by H&E staining and obtained results corresponded well with ones of MTT and NO.
11
Content available Zastosowanie nanomateriałów w naukach medycznych
PL
Przedstawiono przebieg realizacji projektu "Bezpieczne chemikalia - projekt dla województwa śląskiego", współfinansowanego przez Unię Europejską ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Kapitał Ludzki, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem form wsparcia udzielanego przedsiębiorcom regionu.
EN
Implementation of "Safe chemicals - a project for Silesia" project objectives, co-funded by the European Social Fund EU, with particular emphasis on forms of support to entrepreneurs of the region has been presented.
12
Content available Polymer based scaffolds for tissue regeneration
EN
To attain a successful ECM analogue scaffold, there are several design and material criteria that must be satisfied involving the mimicking of topographical features and geometry on the macro-, micro- and even at nanoscale levels, because each influences cell response to the scaffold. In the last years, a successful approach has been represented by the use of composite scaffolds obtained by a combination of phase inversion, salt leaching, filament winding technology. These techniques enable obtaining porous scaffold with controlled micro and macro porosity able to influence positively mechanical properties and cell interactions. In particular, composite materials based on biodegradable polymers (i.e. poly-ε-caprolactone) endowed with intrinsically bioactive particles (i.e. calcium phosphates) and/or macromolecules (i.e Hyaluronic Acid), offers the possibility to realize a strong bond with natural tissues through more bioactive, structurally and mechanically efficient interfaces, firstly enhancing the capability of the substrate to form new extracellular matrix (ECM) and assuring a more rapid and efficacious integration to the implant site. However, some limitations of traditional process impose to identify innovative strategies for fabricating micro and nanostructures structures. In this context, interesting approaches based on the assembly of basic components or building blocks endowed with molecular signals are powerfully emerging to form hierarchically complex structures, able to accurately recapitulate the functional properties of natural complex structures. For connective tissue regeneration (bone, ligaments, meniscus) compo-site scaffolds are obtained by phase inversion, salt leaching and RP technique to modulate mechanical properties and cell interactions. Design of bioactive scaffolds for bone regeneration with appropriate porosity and high pores interconnectivity could be obtained by using Poly(ε-caprolactone) reinforced with Calcium Phosphates particles and PLA fibres. Ester of Hyaluronic Acid reinforced with degradable fibres were processed by composite technology, phase inversion and salt leaching technique to obtain scaffolds for meniscus regeneration. In vivo results demonstrated the possibility to regenerate the meniscus by using an appropriate scaffolds. Imaging and rapid prototyping technologies are implemented to design a “custom made” meniscus scaffold. A critical discussion on the advantages of new approaches has been performed by proposing strategies based on composite to the assembly of elementary components such as fibres implemented through modified electrospinning or sintering techniques.
13
Content available Materiały dla inżynierii tkankowej
PL
Niniejszy artykuł został poświęcony tematyce związanej z inżynierią tkankową. Dziedzina ta, pomimo tego, że jest stosunkowo młoda rozwija się dosyć prężnie. Łącząc w sobie zagadnienia z wielu dyscyplin naukowych (inżynierii materiałowej, chemii, biologii, medycyny) ma na celu regenerację uszkodzonych tkanek i narządów. Bardzo ważną rolę w całym procesie dogrywają materiały, które mają posłużyć jako mechaniczne wsparcie dla rosnących tkanek. Dobór i odpowiednia obróbka materiałów jest kluczowa dla powodzenia tej techniki.
EN
This article is dedicated to the topic connected with tissue engineering. Despite the fact that this field is relatively young it is developing quite quickly. It combines the principles of many disciplines (material engineering, chemistry, biology, medicine) in order to regenerate damaged tissues and organs. Materials are very important in the whole process - they provide the mechanical support for growing tissues. The selection of materials and their fabrication plays the key role in this technique.
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