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1

The application of time-frequency methods of acoustic signal processing in the diagnostics of tram drive components

Mokrzan Daniel, Nowakowski Tomasz, Szymański Grzegorz M.

Archives of Transport

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 4

55--75

EN

The paper presents the course of investigations and the analysis of the possibility of applying selected methods of time frequency processing of non-stationary acoustic signals in the assessment of the technical condition of tram drive components, as well as a new combined method proposed by the authors. An experiment was performed in the form of a pass-by test of the acoustic pressure generated by a Solaris Tramino S105p tram. A comparative analysis has been carried out for an efficient case and a case with damage to the traction gear of the third bogie in the form of broken gear teeth. The recorded signal was analyzed using short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT). It was found that the gear failure causes an increase in the sound level generated by a given bogie for frequencies within the range of characteristic frequencies of the tested device. Due to the limitations associated with the fixed window resolution in STFT and the inability to directly translate scales to frequencies in CWT, it was found that these methods can be helpful in determining suspected damage, but are too imprecise and prone to errors when the parameters of both transforms are poorly chosen. A new CWT-Cepstrum method was proposed as a solution, using the wavelet transform as a pre-filter before cepstrum signal processing. With a sampling rate of 8192 Hz, a db6 mother wavelet, and a scale range of 1:200, the new method was found to infer the occurrence of damage in an interpretation-free manner. The results were validated on an independent pair of trams of the same model with identical damage and as a reference on a pair of undamaged trams demonstrating that the method can be successfully replicated for different vehicles.

2

Dynamic and static eccentricity detection in induction motors in transient states

Wroński A., Sułowicz M., Dziechciarz A.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Elektrotechnika

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2015

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Y. 112, iss. 2-E

171--194

EN

The following paper presents possibilities for the application of selected time-frequency analysis methods in the fault detection of cage induction machines in transient states. The starting phase current of the machine was chosen as a diagnostic signal. Selected faults were eccentricities – static and dynamic. In order to increase the selectivity of the obtained signal transformations, a notch filter was used to remove the base harmonic of the phase current. Two approaches of fault detection were compared. In the first approach, the characteristic feature of fault was extracted using DWT analysis. Next, TMCSA methodology was applied in which characteristic harmonics related to faults were shown on a time-frequency plane. In this case, applied methods were a Gabor transformation, STFT, CWT and Wigner–Ville’s transformation. In the analysis, a phase current signal approximated by DWT was used. DWT approximation was applied to filter higher harmonics which improves the resolution of the obtained transformations.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono możliwości zastosowania wybranych metod analizy czasowo-częstotliwościowej do diagnostyki uszkodzeń silników indukcyjnych klatkowych w przejściowych stanach pracy. Jako sygnał diagnostyczny wybrano prąd fazowy silnika podczas rozruchu. Wybranymi przypadkami uszkodzeń silnika są ekscentryczność statyczna i dynamiczna. W celu poprawienia selektywności otrzymanych transformat wykorzystano filtr Notcha do usunięcia harmonicznej podstawowej prądu. Porównano dwa podejścia diagnostyczne wykrywania uszkodzeń. Pierwsze za pomocą analiz wielorozdzielczych z użyciem DWT, polegające na wyróżnieniu charakterystycznego wzorca związanego z uszkodzeniem. Drugie podejście polegało na zastosowaniu metodologii TMCSA, czyli ekstrakcji charakterystycznych harmonicznych związanych z uszkodzeniami zależnych od poślizgu na płaszczyznach TF. W tym wypadku rozważanymi metodami analizy były transformacje Gabora, STFT, Wignera–Ville’a oraz CWT. Do tych analiz został wykorzystany sygnał prądu aproksymowany z użyciem DWT, w celu odfiltrowania widma czasowo-częstotliwościowego o wyższych częstotliwościach, aby poprawić rozdzielczość otrzymywanych transformat.

3

Zastosowanie wybranych metod czasowo-częstotliwościowych do oceny zmiany parametrów nieliniowego układu dynamicznego

Mroczkowska H.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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R. 88, nr 4b

309-315

PL

Artykuł przedstawia możliwości wykorzystania wybranych metod czasowo-częstotliwościowych do określania stanu układu dynamicznego. W dyskretnych, nieliniowych układach stacjonarnych zasymulowano uszkodzenie i zbadano wpływ wielkości uszkodzenia na przebiegi wybranych transformat czasowo-częstotliwościowych oraz położenia punktów pracy obiektu. Analizowano odporność zastosowanych metod na szum pomiarowy.

EN

The work presentes the use of selected time-frequency methods to determine the state of a dynamical system. The damage in the discrete-time nonlinear system was simulated, the influence of damage size on the waveform of selected time-frequency transforms and location of operating points of the object was examined. In the paper was analyzed the tolerance to measuring noise of the used transforms.

4

Application of time-frequency transforms to processing of full waveforms from acoustic logs

Wawrzyniak K.

Acta Geophysica

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2010

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Vol. 58, no. 1

49-82

EN

The paper deals with the application of time-frequency methods, Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Matching Pursuit algorithm (MP), to acoustic full waveform processing. The goal of the research is to present possible ways of application of these methods, particularly for the precise identification of selected acoustic waves, waveform decomposition into separate waves, and determination of zones of different elastic parameters in the geological profiles. The simulations, developed methodology, and results of each method are discussed in detail. The Continuous Wavelet Transform is used to improve qualitative interpretation. Time-depth-frequency plots for a given frequency are constructed to distinguish the waves and identify gas-bearing zones. The Matching Pursuit has a better resolution in timefrequency space than CWT; thus, it is used to extract individual waves from the whole acoustic waveform, i.e., decompose the signal. For the extracted waves, the slowness is calculated. Results from MP methods are compared with their counterpart parameters obtained from the original waveforms. Additionally, time-frequency decompositions are used for the determination of the frequency content of each wave packet to get unique information about formation in situ.