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EN
The paper presents a novel implementation of a time-to-digital converter (TDC) in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices. The design employs FPGA digital signal processing (DSP) blocks and gives more than two-fold improvement in mean resolution in comparison with the common conversion method (carry chain-based time coding line). Two TDCs are presented and tested depending on DSP configuration. The converters were implemented in a Kintex-7 FPGA device manufactured by Xilinx in 28 nm CMOS process. The tests performed show possibilities to obtain mean resolution of 4.2 ps but measurement precision is limited to at most 15 ps mainly due to high conversion nonlinearities. The presented solution saves FPGA programmable logic blocks and has an advantage of a wider operation range when compared with a carry chain-based time coding line.
PL
W artykule opisano stanowisko do automatycznych badań termicznych liczników czasu. Wyniki uzyskane w zakresie od -10°C do +45°C pozwalają określić wpływ zmian temperatury na parametry metrologiczne takie jak rozdzielczość, precyzja oraz błąd niezrównoważenia torów pomiarowych. Wykonane stanowisko z dedykowanym, uniwersalnym oprogramowaniem umożliwia automatyzacje procesu badań termicznych nowoopracowywanych urządzeń do pomiaru odcinków czasu.
EN
The article describes test setup for automatic thermal experiments of time interval counters. The obtained results within the range from -10°C to +45°C allow to define thermal influence on metrological parameters such as resolution, precision and offset. The test setup with dedicated, universal software enables automatic execution of thermal tests for newly designed equipment for time metrology.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie metody i wyników badań nad nieliniowością częstościomierzyczasomierzy w pomiarach precyzyjnych przedziałów czasu, prowadzonych w GUM przy współpracy z AGH. Dokonano porównań wyników pomiarów dla częstościomierzy-czasomierzy SR620 i HP 53132A zarówno stałych i zmiennych przedziałów czasu. Potwierdzono przydatność dwukanałowego generatora/dzielnika typu Dual Channel 1/100 PPS Generator oraz komparatora częstotliwości typu A7-MX.
EN
In this paper we present the method and the last results of verification of nonlinearities in time interval measurements with the usage of Time Interval Counters (TIC), performed at Central Office of Measures (GUM) with cooperation of AGH University of Science and Technology. We consider the non-ideal operation of TIC manifested by fluctuations of differences between the current indication of TIC and the real value of the measured time interval. We observed instabilities of indications of TIC, even if the measured time interval is keeping constant. For verification of TIC operation at continuously changed time intervals, it was set up a special measurement system that performs simultaneous measurements of the phasetime changes between two standard frequency signals (with the usage of A7-MX standard frequency comparator) and time intervals between two pulse signals (with the usage of TIC under test). Due to applying a special, developed by AGH, dual channel 1/100 pps generator, the measured 1 pps (1 pulse per second) and 10 MHz signals are standardized and the phasetime between 1 pps and 10 MHz signals are kept in pairs constant. Differences between the indications of TIC and the proper measurement results for frequency allow to verify internal nonlinearities of TIC in time interval measurements. Here, we show and shortly discuss the results obtained for SR620 and 53132A universal counters. The obtained range of fluctuations of indications of SR6200 with relation to the measured time interval approaches about 190 ps, and for 53132A – about 450 ps, whereas the observed short-term noise of measurement for SR620 is about 10 ps, and for 53132A – about 100 ps typically. It was confirmed the complex and random influence of many factors on operation of TIC. Our investigation will be continued with the usage of 100 pps (100 pulses per second) signals and with automatic switching of the measured pulse signals in pairs.
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