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Application of Dendrochronological Analysis in Dating of Timbers from the Wieliczka Salt Mine

Szychowska-Krąpiec E.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Earth Sciences

2003

Vol. 51, nr 2

99-118

Dendrochronological analysis was applied for dating of wood samples from timbering and wooden machines from the first level of the Wieliczka salt mine. Sampling was carried out in eight mining complexes; the Bąkle complex, the Goryszowski shaft, the Lipowiec Zamtus complex, the Taras Wodnych Gór Wschodnich complex, the Boner-Boruta complex, the area of the Powroźnik gallery, the area of the Regis shaft, and the Jan Zawachlary complex. Among over 130 samples of various tree species, timbers of Scots pine, fir and spruce were predominating. The oldest timbers, dated to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries came from the Bąkle complex (timbering of the Dusząca chamber) and from timbering of the Goryszowski shaft. In the Dusząca chamber the oldest timbers came from fir trees growing in the second half of the fourteenth and the first half of the fifteenth century and from spruce trees felled in the second half of the fifteenth century. Fir wood from timbering of the Goryszowski shaft also came from the second half of the fifteenth century. Other samples represented somewhat younger timbers, from the last 500 years (the sixteenth to twentieth centuries). So large a spectrum of the results obtained indicates that the old mines present an excellent, though only rarely put to use, store of timbers spanning large time intervals and originating from vast areas. This opens large opportunities for constructing long absolute chronologies and for studies on identification of the origin of wood.