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1

The performance analysis of dusty photovoltaic panel

Katoch Minakshi, Dahiya Vineet, Yadav Surendra Kumar

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2023

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Vol. 44, no 2

49--68

EN

Solar photovoltaic power is widely utilized in the energy industry. The performance of solar panels is influenced by different variables, including solar radiation, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and the presence of haze or dirt. Outdoor solar panels are particularly susceptible to a decrease in energy efficiency due to the accumulation of dust particles in the air, which occurs as a result of natural weather conditions. The extent of dust deposition is primarily determined by factors such as the tilt angle of the panel, wind direction, cleaning frequency as well as local meteorological and geographical conditions. The dust on the solar cell glazing reduces the optical transmittance of the light beam, causing shadowing and diminishing the energy conversion productivity of the panels. Sand storms, pollution levels and snow accumulations all significantly impact the photovoltaic panel performance. These circumstances reduce the efficiency of solar panels. The experiment was carried out on two identical dust-accumulated and dust-free panels. The evaluation was carried out in two different situations on the offgrid stand-alone system: in a simulated atmosphere and in an open space during the day. The current-voltage curves have been developed for both panels at various tilt degrees. The features provide sufficient information to analyse the performance of the panels under consideration. The measurements demonstrate that as dust collects on the panel’s surface, the average output power and short circuit current decrease dramatically. The installation tilt angle affected the ratio of efficiency and average power outputs of dusty and clean panels.

2

Tilt Angle of Wood Dust

Ockajova Alena, Banski Adrian, Tomasz Rogoziński

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2023

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No. 121

37--42

EN

Tilt Angle of Wood Dust. The aim of this article is to point out a risk factor – wood dust, which settles on various structures, inclined surfaces in operation and, if not regularly cleaned, it is a source of secondary dust, because it is swirled up again with any movement. By measuring the tilt angle of bulk wood material obtained from sawing on a table circular saw, using different saw blades and wood dust from longitudinal and transverse sanding on a hand belt sander, we determined which characteristics affect it. We found that the size of the particles is an important characteristic, the larger they are, the smaller the tilt angle and also the surface of the pad on which the dust particles settle, wood did not play a significant role in this case. The smallest tilt angle was measured for sawdust from longitudinal sawing of 27°, and the largest tilt angle for wood dust from transverse sanding of oak and was 57° on beech pad.

PL

Kąt nachylenia pyłu drzewnego. Celem tego artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na czynnik ryzyka - pył drzewny, który osadza się na różnych konstrukcjach, nachylonych powierzchniach podczas pracy. Jeśli nie jest regularnie usuwany, jest źródłem pyłu wtórnego, ponieważ jest ponownie zawirowywany przy każdym ruchu. Mierząc kąt pochylenia sypkiego materiału drzewnego uzyskanego z piłowania na stołowej pilarce tarczowej, przy użyciu różnych brzeszczotów i pyłu drzewnego ze szlifowania wzdłużnego i poprzecznego na ręcznej szlifierce taśmowej, ustaliliśmy, które cechy mają na to wpływ. Stwierdziliśmy, że rozmiar cząstek jest ważną cechą, im są one większe, tym mniejszy kąt pochylenia, a także powierzchnia podkładki, na której osadzają się cząstki pyłu, drewno nie odgrywało w tym przypadku znaczącej roli. Najmniejszy kąt pochylenia zmierzono dla trocin z piłowania wzdłużnego 27°, a największy kąt pochylenia dla pyłu drzewnego ze szlifowania poprzecznego dębu i wynosił 57° na podkładce bukowej.

3

Odporność ogniowa rei 60 dla dachu przy kącie nachylenia do 45° – tytanium Pruszyński – jedyny taki dach w polsce

Wilk Krzysztof

Izolacje

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2021

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R. 26, nr 3

104--106

PL

Zapotrzebowanie na lekkie przekrycia dachowe i elewacyjne stale rośnie. Dachy przechodzące w elewacje to w tej chwili standard przy projektowaniu hal sportowych, basenów, centrów wystawienniczo‑konferencyjnych, a nawet obiektów mieszkaniowych o podwyższonych standardach architektonicznych.

4

Zasady doboru paneli PV do współpracy z falownikiem

Wiatr Julian

Elektro Info

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2021

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nr 3

48--50

PL

W polskich warunkach klimatycznych panele fotowoltaiczne w praktyce nie osiągają mocy nominalnej wyznaczonej w warunkach STC (E = 1000 W/m2; AM 1,5; T = 25°C). Typowe warunki natężenia promieniowania słonecznego w bezchmurny dzień to wartość z zakresu (800–900) W/m2. Jest to wartość o (10–20)% niższa od wartości, w której badane są panele. Położenie geograficzne Polski powoduje, że większość energii dostarczanej przez słońce mieści się w zakresie niskiego natężenia, wynoszącego (100–600) W/m2. Dla uzysku energetycznego nie bez znaczenia jest kąt nachylenia paneli PV oraz kąt odchylenia od południa.

5

Applying the Tilt depth and Tilt Euler techniques of gravity data to decipher the basement depth in Sichuan Basin, China

Chen Qing, Dong Yunpeng, Tan Xianfeng, Wang Jiabei, Huang Xiaoyu, Chen Hao

Acta Geophysica

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2021

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Vol. 69, no. 6

2173--2186

EN

The tilt angle (i.e., TDR) provides an efficient way to recognize the horizontal locations of multi-source geological bodies at different depths and inclination angles. The tilt-depth method was initially derived by applying magnetic formulas and used to calculate the depth of magnetic sources. Recently researchers have attempted to extend this method to interpret depths in gravity field data. The tilt-depth method of gravity anomalies (i.e., GTilt-depth) could capture the depth of a buried source effectively, which makes it superior at deciphering the basement relief. Meanwhile, Tilt-Euler deconvolution (i.e., Euler deconvolution of TDR) has been utilized for estimating a source’s position from gridded data automatically, which requires no structural index. However, analytical singularities can be produced when performing inversion with the Tilt-Euler deconvolution owning to the derivatives of TDR being incalculable when the horizontal derivative is zero. The improved Tilt-Euler deconvolution provided an efficient way to eliminate analytical singularities and obtain more stable solutions. The results from the theoretical model show that the GTilt-depth method and improved Tilt-Euler deconvolution could be applied to calculate the buried depths more accurately and effectively. Application of these methods shows that they are able to capture more detailed features, and provide more straightforward and accurate results of depth, than traditional methods. Furthermore, the results obtained from the gravity data in Sichuan Basin show that the basement depth ranges from 3 to 11 km, and 3 to 7 km in the central uplift, which contains a local depression with a depth of 8 km. The basement exhibits a general pattern of “shallow in middle and deep in east and west”, which is consistent with the results revealed by gravityseismic jointly interpreted profile. This research provides a better indication of the basement structure when interpreting the regional geology in Sichuan Basin.

6

Thermal analysis of a gravity-assisted heat pipe working with zirconia-acetone nanofluids: An experimental assessment

Abdolhossein Zadeh Amin, Nakhjavani Shima

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2020

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Vol. 41, no 2

65--83

EN

An experimental investigation was performed on the thermal performance and heat transfer characteristics of acetone/zirconia nanofluid in a straight (rod) gravity-assisted heat pipe. The heat pipe was fabricated from copper with a diameter of 15 mm, evaporator-condenser length of 100 mm and adiabatic length of 50 mm. The zirconia-acetone nanofluid was prepared at 0.05–0.15% wt. Influence of heat flux applied to the evaporator, filling ratio, tilt angle and mass concentration of nanofluid on the heat transfer coefficient of heat pipe was investigated. Results showed that the use of nanofluid increases the heat transfer coefficient while decreasing the thermal resistance of the heat pipe. However, for the filling ratio and tilt angle values, the heat transfer coefficient initially increases with an increase in both. However, from a specific value, which was 0.65 for filling ratio and 60–65 deg for tilt angle, the heat transfer coefficient was suppressed. This was attributed to the limitation in the internal space of the heat pipe and also the accumulation of working fluid inside the bottom of the heat pipe due to the large tilt angle. Overall, zirconia-acetone showed a great potential to increase the thermal performance of the heat pipe.

7

The analysis of the solar power plant performance in temperate climate

Zdyb A., Dragan P., Jaremek A.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2018

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z. 65, nr 1

73--79

EN

Due to gradual depletion of fossil fuels resources and emission of harmful chemicals accompanying the combustion process, the interest in alternative energy sources still increases. Among many kinds of alternative sources, solar radiation is very special because of its wide availability and large technical potential. Photovoltaic systems providing the electric energy are used in many countries. The most important part of photovoltaic system is a module, which parameters (e.g. efficiency, rated power, temperature coefficients of power and efficiency, short circuit current, open circuit voltage) are determined in laboratory tests under Standard Test Conditions (STC: 25°C, 1,000 W/m2 , air mass 1.5). However, in real outdoor conditions the modules exhibit lower efficiency since local climate influences their performance and different external factors generate energy losses in the whole system. The aim of this work is the performance analysis of a solar power plant connected to the grid, which total rated power is 2.985 MW and it works in temperate climate in eastern Poland. Insolation in the location was estimated according to Solargis data and the role of the modules tilt angle, of which the value is non-typical for the considered location was studied. The tilt angle smaller than optimal angle allows increasing the amount of the solar radiation collected in the summer period. The electric energy production based on the inverters data in 2016 and 2017 as well as yearly yield are presented. The results are compared to data coming from other solar power plants, also located at high latitude.

8

Lineaments in the Shamakhy–Gobustan and Absheron Hydrocarbon Containing Areas Using Gravity Data

Elmas A., Karsli H., Kadirov F. A.

Acta Geophysica

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2018

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Vol. 66, no. 1

39--49

EN

In this study, we purposed to investigate the edge of geostructures and position of existing faults of the Shamakhy–Gobustan and Absheron hydrocarbon containing regions in Azerbaijan. For this purpose, the horizontal gradient, analytic signal, tilt angle, and hyperbolic of tilt angle methods were applied to the first vertical derivative of gravity data instead of Bouguer gravity data. We obtained the maps that show the previous lineaments which were designated by considering the maximum contours of horizontal gradient, analytic signal maps, and zero values of tilt angle, hyperbolic of tilt angle maps. The geometry of basement interface was also modeled utilizing the Parker–Oldenburg algorithm to understand the sediment thickness and coherency or incoherency between the gravity values and basement topography. The lineaments were held a candle to most current tectonic structure map of the study area. It was seen that the techniques used in this study are very effective to determine the old and new lineaments in the Shamakhy–Gobustan and Absheron regions. The epicenter distribution of earthquakes within the study area supports the new lineaments which are extracted by our interpretation. We concluded that better comprehension of Azerbaijan geostructures and its effect on the large scale works will be provided by means of this study.

9

Wpływ kąta pochylenia frezu na dokładność kształtową powierzchni prostokreślnych

Burek J., Żurawski K., Żurek P.

Mechanik

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2016

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R. 89, nr 10

1472--1473

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wpływ wartości kąta pochylenia osi narzędzia na dokładność kształtową wykonywanej powierzchni prostokreślnej w pięcioosiowym frezowaniu obwodowym frezem stożkowym.

EN

The article presents the influence of tilt angle value on the form accuracy of the created ruled surface in five-axis flank milling using conical ballmill.

10

Interpretation of Gravity Data using 3D Euler Deconvolution, Tilt Angle, Horizontal Tilt Angle and Source Edge Approximation of the North-West Himalaya

Ghosh G. K.

Acta Geophysica

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2016

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Vol. 64, no. 4

1112--1138

EN

The collision of the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate created shortening and imbrications with thrusting and faulting which influences northward tectonic movement. This plate movement has divided the Himalaya into four parts, viz. Outer Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, Greater Himalaya, and Tethys Himalaya. The crystalline basement rock plays an imperative role for structural and tectonic association. The study has been carried out near Rishikesh-Badrinath neighborhood in the northwestern part of the Himalayan girdle with multifarious tectonic set up with thrusted and faulted geological setting. In this study area, 3D Euler deconvolution, horizontal gradient analysis, tilt angle (TILT) and horizontal tilt angle (TDX) analysis have been carried out using gravity data to delineate the subsurface geology and heterogeneity in the northwestern part of Himalaya. The Euler depth solutions suggest the source depth of about 12 km and various derivative analyses suggest the trend of the delineation thrust-fault boundaries along with the dip and strike direction in the study area.

11

Investigation of influence of tilt angle on mode dispersion in step-index plastic optical fibers

Kovacevic M. S., Djordjevich A.

Opto-Electronics Review

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2011

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Vol. 19, No. 1

61-65

EN

Effect of numerical aperture on mode dispersion and bandwidth is reported for commercially available step-index plastic optical fibers. For the first time, the functional relationship is given between dispersion and the "tilt-angle" describing the slant of the input/output face for a fiber terminated by a plane not perpendicular to the fiber axis. This tilt of a non-squarely terminated fiber may be intentional as in some biomedical spectroscopic sensors, or otherwise when exploiting the quick-interconnectivity potential of plastic fibers.

12

Electrooptic study of antiferroelectric mixtures for display application

Mikułko A., Marzec M., Wróbel S., Dąbrowski R.

Opto-Electronics Review

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2006

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Vol. 14, No. 4

319-322

EN

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of electric field on alignment of para-, ferro- and antiferroelectric phases in the vicinity of SmA* – SmC* or SmC* – SmC*A phase transitions as to obtain mono-domain cells. Four mixtures studied (W-193B, W-193B-1, W-201, W-204D) show the SmC*A phase in a wide room temperature range. Measurements of the spontaneous polarization versus temperature by using reversal current method give an answer to the question, what kind of the transitions take place between para-, ferro- or antiferroelectric phases using the Landau mean field theory. Optimal electrooptic parameters for different compositions of the mixtures such as tilt angle, spontaneous polarization and saturation voltage have been measured to compare parameters of the mixtures studied.