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Three dimensional graphene in nanocomposites—structure-property scenarios and EMI/GAMMA shielding potential

Kausar Ayesha

Advances in Materials Science

2025

Vol. 25, nr 3(85)

104--126

The present review article is planned to systematically unfold salient worth of three dimensional graphene based polymeric nanocomposites for radiation shielding (electromagnetic, nuclear, gamma, fast neutrons) purposes. As per literature reports so far, we discuss polymer/three dimensional graphene nanocomposites for variety of thermoplastic, thermoset, and conjugated matrices employed for related high end material designs. Accordingly, multifunctional hybrids of three dimensional graphene have been fabricated via facile/resourceful fabrication techniques, including solution processing, in situ method, melt technique, freeze drying, hydrothermal tactic, printing, foaming, and allied synthesis procedures. The ensuing three dimensional graphene based hybrids/nanomaterials have been analyzed for microstructural, structural integrity, electron/charge conduction, dielectric features, permittivity, radiation shielding effectiveness, shielding efficiency, and other features desirable for nuclear/gamma/electromagnetic radiation protection application. Besides, underlying mechanisms of radiation attenuation have also been argued, as per scientific surveys. It seems that performance of hierarchical graphene nanoassmblies relies upon nanoarchitectural adaptability, interfacial interactions/wettability, and structure-property synergies. Eventually, inimitable polymer/three dimensional graphene nanocomposites have been found promising to meet technological demands of radiation shielding in aeronautics, devices, defense, and nuclear power plant industries. Despite practical success of radiation shielding three dimensional graphene hybrids, in spite of pristine graphene, future deployment in related industrial modules seems to be connected to focused experimental/theoretical endeavors by field researchers to overcome underlying design/property/performance challenges.