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1

Depletion Efficiency of Selected Expired Food Products in the Process of Methane Fermentation

Kazimierowicz Joanna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 1

132--137

EN

In retail chains, 1% to 3% of food production, i.e. thousands of tons every year, is perished or expired. Improper waste management poses a threat for human health and pollutes the environment. This waste may be successfully neutralised in the process of methane fermentation. The conducted research was to determine the depletion efficiency of selected expired food products, depending on the composition of the mix, as well as the manner of conducting fermentation and, therefore, duration time and the process temperature.

2

Effects of vinasse and silica mud on the performance of thermophilic fermentation of brewery sludge from brewery waste substrates

Xin Y., Shen J., Wang B., Zhu X., Wang Y., Wang G., Chen Q.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 43, nr 2

119--127

EN

The anaerobic digestion of mixing brewery sludge with vinasse and silica mud at various ratios under thermophilic conditions was explored. Vinasse, silica mud and beer sludge (the sludge from the treatment of beer wastewater) are the main solid wastes of the beer production. Uncontrolled decom-position of these wastes could cause large-scale contamination of soil, water, and air. The results of the investigation showed that the optimal ratio of beer sludge and vinasse was 1:1 under total solids of 10%, producing the highest amount of gas of 1.34 cm3/g within 24 h and 4.06 cm3/g in 10 days. The silica mud weakened the fermentation process and reduced the gas production, and the concentration of total organic carbon, total nitrogen and volatile solids decreased during the digestion. For the mixture of brewery sludge and vinasse, the content of the total organic matter in the biogas manure was more than 60% and the value of pH was 6.5 after the anaerobic digestion, indicating that the manure can be used as an organic fertilizer.

3

Composting and anaerobic digestion technologies as methods for reduction of virus transmission in the environment

Ligocka A., Paluszak Z., Gut W.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 42, nr 2

137--144

EN

Survival of bovine enterovirus was studied in animal by-products subjected to sanitization processes. Composting technology and anaerobic digestion under mesophilic (37 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) conditions were tested in terms of their effectiveness. Viruses were introduced into the biomass in the course of waste treatment processes and virus titres were determined at appropriate time intervals. Technology which allowed the most effective virus elimination, after 2 h, was thermophilic fermentation. During composting, bovine enterovirus survival ranged from 12 to 17 days, whereas the survival time for mesophilic fermentation was 28 days.

4

Wpływ sposobu wstępnego preparowania odpadów poubojowych na ilość i skład powstającego biogazu w warunkach fermentacji termofilowej

Zieliński M., Dębowski M., Krzemieniewski M.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2010

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Tom 12

895-907

PL

Celem prezentowanych badań było określenie takiego sposobu wstępnego przygotowania, stosowanych w eksperymencie odpadów poubojowych, który zapewni uzyskanie najwyższych efektów technologicznych charakteryzowanych poprzez ilość oraz skład jakościowy powstającego biogazu w warunkach fermentacji termofilowej.

EN

The aim of this study was to identify the method of pre-treatment of post-slaughter waste used in the experiment to ensure the best technological results, expressed by the amount and qualitative composition of the biogas produced in the process. The application of various methods of processing of postslaughter waste before methane fermentation in an experiment conducted under static conditions showed that comparable technological effects were achieved when homogenisation followed by pasteurisation was applied and in such series inwhich these were supplemented by sonic treatment of the substrate. The application of various methods of processing of post-slaughter waste before methane fermentation in an experiment conducted under static conditions showed that comparable technological effects were achieved when homogenisation followed by pasteurisation was applied and in such series in which these were supplemented by sonic treatment of the substrate. Regardless of the pasteurisation time and the combined time of pasteurisation andultrasonic treatment, no statistically significant differences were found in the technological results achieved in terms of the amount and composition ofthe biogas produced in the process and the degree of decomposition of the analysed organic compounds. The worst final results of methane fermentation of post-slaughter waste were achieved when homogenisation was the only type of treatment applied in the organic substrate pre-processing. When homogenisation was combined with ultrasonic treatment, significantly better results were achieved; these were, however, distinctly lower than those achieved in the series in which pasteurisation was applied. The element which most greatly affected the technological effects achieved in the experiment, was the load of organic matter applied to the activatedsludge. The lowest effectiveness of the process, regardless of the method of conditioning of post-slaughter waste, was achieved in the option with a load of 6.0 g of dry organic matter/g of dry matter of sludge. The results achieved in static conditions with loads ranging from 1.0 g of dry organic matter/g of dry matter of sludge to 3.0 g of dry organic matter/g of dry matter of sludge producedcomparable final results, expressed as the amount and composition of biogas as well as the degree of decomposition of the analysed organic substances.

5

Zapotrzebowanie energii do produkcji wodoru metodą fermentacyjną z biomasy

Markowski M., Urbaniec K., Grabarczyk R.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2010

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Nr 2

79-80

PL

Praca dotyczy analizy zużycia energii w instalacjach do wytwarzania wodoru metodą fermentacyjną z biomasy. Rozpatrzono dwa warianty wytwórni wodoru. W wariancie pierwszym przewidziano połączenie wytwórni wodoru z cukrownią, dostarczającą sok zawierający sacharozę jako surowiec. Wariant drugi zakłada produkcję wodoru z surowców skrobiowych w wytwórni samodzielnej. W tym przypadku instalacja zawiera dodatkowy podu-kład przetwarzający skrobię do fermentowalnej glukozy.

EN

The paper is concerned with estimation of heat and power consumption in two conceptual plants for hydrogen production by fermentation. A hydrogen plant connected with a sugar factory was assumed as a basic option. The sugar factory served as a source of sucrose-containing juice for the hydrogen plant, and subsequently this feedstock was processed to hydrogen. As another option, a stand-alone hydrogen plant in which starch must initially be converted to fermentable glucose was considered.

6

Usuwanie bakterii Coli typu fekalnego podczas kwaśnej fermentacji osadu

Puchajda B., Oleszkiewicz J.

Forum Eksploatatora

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2007

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Nr 4 (31)

25-26

PL

Beztlenowa fermentacja osadu jest jedną z najbardziej rozpowszechnionych metod stabilizacji osadu. Proces jest zazwyczaj prowadzony w temperaturze mezofilowej (około 35°C), która stanowi optimum dla większości bakterii beztlenowych. Zaletą tej technologii jest prosty i fatwy w obsłudze proces i odzysk energii w postaci biogazu. Jedynym problemem jest fakt, iż mezofilowa fermentacja nie zapewnia wystarczającej redukcji organizmów chorobotwórczych co jest istotne przy rolniczym zagospodarowaniu osadu. W celu poprawy jakości higienicznej osadu do tzw. Klasy A (wg Amerykańskiej EPA, 1999) usunięcia bakterii patogennych, często stosuje się fermentację termofilową (około 55 do 60°C) oraz mieszaną termofilowo-mezofilową lub mezofilowo-termofilową. Wadą tego rozwiązania jest dosyć duży wkład energii w celu podwyższenia temperatury osadu, który często nie jest równoważony wzrostem odzysku energii w biogazie.