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1
Content available Effect of the ENEPIG Process on the Bonding Strength of BiTe-based Thermoelectric Elements
Kim Subin, Bae Sung Hwa, Son Injoon
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2021
|
Vol. 66, iss. 4
967--970
EN
To improve the mechanical performance of BiTe-based thermoelectric modules, this study applies anti-diffusion layers that inhibit the generation of metal intercompounds and an electroless nickel/electrode palladium/mission gold (ENEPIG) plating layers to ensure a stable bonding interface. If a plated layer is formed only on BiTe-based thermoelectric, the diffusion of Cu in electrode substrates produces an intermetallic compound. Therefore, the ENEPIG process was applied on the Cu electrode substrate. The bonding strength highly increased from approximately 10.4 to 16.4 MPa when ENEPIG plating was conducted to the BiTe-based thermoelectric element. When ENEPIG plating was performed to both the BiTe-based thermoelectric element and the Cu electrode substrate, the bonding strength showed the highest value of approximately 17.6 MPa, suggesting that the ENEPIG process is ef-fective in ensuring a highly reliable bonding interface of the BiTe-based thermoelectric module.
2
Content available Maximization of generated electric power in the TEG module at various heat exchange conditions
Poświata Artur, Gierycz Paweł
Chemical and Process Engineering
|
2020
|
Vol. 41, nr 4
277–-291
EN
Thermoelectric generators using the Seebeck effect to generate electricity are increasingly used in various areas of human activity, especially in cases where a cheap high-temperature heat source is available. Despite many advantages, TEG generators have one major disadvantage: very low efficiency of heat conversion into electrical power which strongly depends on the applied load resistance. There is a maximum of generated power between the short and the open circuit in which it is zero. That is why optimization of TEG modules is particularly important. In this paper a method of maximization of generated power in a single TEG module is presented for two cases. The first case concerns a problem with fixed heat flux flow into the hot side of the module whereas the second one concerns a problem with fixed heat transfer parameters in hot heat exchanger i.e. supply gas temperature and heat transfer coefficient. A number of optimization results performed for various values of these parameters are presented and discussed.
3
Content available Mechanic, Half-Metallic and Thermoelectric Properties of the PdZrTiAl under pressure: A DFT study
Parsamehr S., Boochani A., Sartipi E., Amiri M., Solaymani S., Naderi S., Aminian A.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2020
|
Vol. 65, iss. 1
459--470
EN
The half-metallic, mechanical, and transport properties of the quaternary Heusler compound of PdZrTiAl is discussed under hydrostatic pressures in the range of –11.4 GPa to 18.4 GPa in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) and Boltzmann quasi-classical theory using the generalization gradient approximation (GGA). By applying the stress, the band gap in the minor spin increases so that the lowest band is obtained 0.25 eV at the pressure of –11.4 GPa while the maximum gap is calculated 0.9 eV at the pressure of 18.4 GPa. In all positive and negative pressures, the PdZrTiAl composition exhibits a half-metallic behavior 100% spin polarization at the Fermi level. It is also found that applying stress increases the Seebeck coefficient in both spin directions. In the minority spin, the n-type PdZrTiAl, the power factor (PF) for all the cases is greater in the equilibrium state than the strain and stress conditions whereas in the majority spin, the PF value of the stress state is greater than the other two. The non-dimensional figure of merit (ZT) is significant and is about one in spin down in the room temperature for the all pressure states that it remains on this value by applying pressure. The obtained elastic constants indicate that the PdZrTiAl crystalline structure has a mechanical stability. Based on the Yong (E), Bulk (B) and shear (G) modulus and Poisson (n) ratio, the brittle-ductile behavior of this compound has been investigated under pressure. The results indicate that PdZrTiAl has a ductile nature and it is a stiffness compound in which elastic and mechanical instability increases by applying strain.
4
Content available Effects of Milling Duration on the Thermoelectric Properties of n-Type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3
Park Min-Soo, Koo Hye-Young, Park Yonh-Ho, Ha Gook-Hyun
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2019
|
Vol. 64, iss. 2
591--595
EN
In this study, an oxide reduction process and a reduction-sintering process were employed to synthesize a thermoelectric alloy from three thermoelectric composite oxide powders, and the thermoelectric properties were investigated as a function of the milling duration. Fine grain sizes were analyzed by via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, to investigate the influence of the milling duration on the synthesized samples. It was found that microstructural changes, the Seebeck coefficient, and the electrical resistivity of the compounds were highly dependent on the sample milling duration. Additionally, the carrier concentration considerably increased in the samples milled for 6 h; this was attributed to the formation of antisite defects introduced by the accumulated thermal energy. Moreover, the highest value of ZT (=1.05) was achieved at 373K by the 6-h milled samples. The temperature at which the ZT value maximized varied according to the milling duration, which implies that the milling duration of the three thermoelectric composite oxide powders should be carefully optimized for their effective application.
5
Content available Pomiar ogniwa Peltiera z wykorzystaniem platformy Arduino
Sadowski E., Pniewski R.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2018
|
R. 19, nr 12
630--633
PL
W artykule omówiony został układ do pomiarów modułów termoelektrycznych Peltiera przy zastosowaniu platformy Arduino opartej na mikrokontrolerze Atmega328P. Przedstawiono także wyniki z takich pomiarów dla ogniwa termoelektrycznego z serii TEC1-12705. Zarówno dla pracy w trybie chłodzenia (zjawisko Peltiera), jak i w przypadku pracy jako termogenerator (zjawisko Sebeecka).
EN
The article discusses the system for measuring Peltier thermoelectric modules using the Arduino platform based on the Atmega328P microcontroller. The results of such measurements for the TEC1-12705 series of thermoelectric cells are also presented. Both for cooling mode operation (Peltier effect) and for working as a thermoenergy generator (Sebeecka effect).
6
Content available Effect of Electroless Ni–P Plating on the Bonding Strength of Bi–Te-Based Thermoelectric Modules
Kim S. S., Son I., Kim K. T.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2017
|
Vol. 62, iss. 2B
1225--1229
EN
In the present study, electroless Ni–P plating was applied to Bi–Te-based thermoelectric materials as a barrier layer and the effect of the Ni–P plating on the bonding strength of the thermoelectric module was investigated. The bonding strength of the n- and p-type modules increased after being subjected to the electroless Ni–P plating treatment. In the case of the thermoelectric module that was not subjected to electroless Ni–P plating, Sn and Te were interdiffused and formed a brittle Sn–Te-based metallic compound. The shearing mostly occurred on the bonding interface where such an intermetallic compound was formed. On the other hands, it was found from the FE-EPMA analysis of the bonding interface of thermoelectric module subjected to electroless Ni-P plating that the electroless Ni-P plating acted as an anti-diffusion layer, preventing the interdiffusion of Sn and Te. Therefore, by forming such an anti-diffusion layer on the surface of the Bi–Te based thermoelectric element, the bonding strength of the thermoelectric module could be increased.
7
Content available Direct and indirect heat energy conversion into electricity
Cienciała M., Kaźmierczak A., Haller P., Krakowian K., Błasiński T., Borkowska J., Skorupa P.
Journal of KONES
|
2015
|
Vol. 22, No. 4
67--72
EN
Conversion of heat energy into electricity is described. Energy conversion is the process of changing one form of energy to another. There are two methods of conversion: direct, when heat energy is converted directly into electricity and indirect, when heat energy is converted into mechanical energy first and afterwards into electricity. A principle of direct method is thermoelectric effect that includes three separately identified effects: the Seebeck effect, the Peltier effect and the Thomson effect. In case of heat energy conversion into electricity, we are talking about Seebeck effect. For indirect method, first heat energy is converted to mechanical energy. The principle is gas compression and expansion due to temperature change that is used i.e.: steam engine, Stirling heat engine or polish engine WASE2. The engine is based on the fundamental physical phenomena. The next step is to convert mechanical energy into electricity. The principle is electromagnetic induction that produces an electromotive force across a conductor when it is exposed to a time varying magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction is used in i.e.: generators, alternators or American type generators.
8
Content available remote A Batteryless low Input Voltage micro-scale Thermoelectric Based Energy Harvesting Interface Circuit with 100mV Start-up Voltage
Sarker M. R., Mohamed R.
Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
|
2014
|
R. 90, nr 4
49--52
EN
A Batteryless low input voltage micro-scale thermo electric based energy harvesting interface circuit with 0.1V start-up voltage presents in this paper. The active technique and its components have been chosen such as MOSFET and thyristor to design the proposed DC-DC boost converter with low input voltage (i.e., 0.1V) for energy harvesting interface circuit. The minimum working voltage as low as 0.1V an input the equivalent voltage of thermoelectric transducer has been proposed to design the boost converter. This paper presents techniques for the systematic modeling, analysis, and design of interface circuitry used in the equivalent voltage of the micro-scale thermoelectric energy harvesting systems. In the development of active-based circuits, the DC-DC step-up (boost) converter with thyristor have been designed instead of mainly diode and other components because the forward voltage of diode is (0.7V) higher than the incoming input voltage (0.1V). Finally, the complete proposed energy harvester circuit have been designed and simulated using the PSPICE software. The proposed circuit is capable to step-up regulated DC voltage up to 3.75V. The efficiency of the proposed circuit is greater than 65% following the simulation results. This work has focused on the application of micro-devices Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) device can be operated without battery.
PL
W artykule opisano oszczędnościowe źródło napięcia wykorzystujące jedynie siłę temoelektryczną. Układ elektroniczny startuje już przy napięciu zasilania 0.1V i potrafi wytworzyć wyjściowe napięcie o poziomie blisko 4 V. Jako zastosowanie układu przewiduje się możliwość zasilania czujników bezprzewodowych jedynie z baterii słonecznej.
9
Mikro- i nanostruktury krzemowe jako materiał termoelektryczny
Turczyński M., Lisik Z.
Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania
|
2012
|
Vol. 53, nr 9
74-76
PL
Termoelektryczność może stać się kolejnym niekonwencjonalnym źródłem energii bezpośrednio przetwarzającym energię cieplną w energię elektryczną. Każdego dnia ogromna ilość ciepła jest wytwarzana i bezpowrotnie tracona w trakcie procesów przemysłowych, a także w silnikach naszych samochodów. Energia ta może jednak zostać odzyskana przez termoelementy wykorzystujące zjawisko Seebeck'a a następnie przetworzona na elektryczność. Niestety, materiały obecnie wykorzystywane w urządzeniach termoelektrycznych (takie jak BiTe, PbTe, SiGe) są zbyt drogie by mogły być stosowane na dużą skalę, a ich sprawność nie przekracza 5% [1], Stąd zainteresowanie naukowców z całego świata nowymi materiałami oraz rozwiązaniami, a obecnie najbardziej obiecującym kierunkiem badań są mikro- i nanostruktury.
EN
Thermoelectricity can become another widely used unconventional source of energy that converts thermal energy directly into electricity. Every day, an enormous amount of heat is released and lost during industrial processes or in the engines of vehicles. This energy can be recovered by thermoelements due to the Seebeck effect. Unfortunately, nowadays the most common materials for thermoelectric applications, such as BiTe, PbTe or SiGe, are too expensive to use in a large scale, and their performance does not exceed 5%. Hence, the new materials and the new solutions are being explored. The most promising trend in this research area is connected with nanostructures. The aim of this work was to investigate the electrical and thermal properties of silicon nanopillars with respect to possible thermoelectric application.
10
Modelowanie i analiza grubowarstwowych mikrogeneratorów termoelektrycznych
Markowski P., Dziedzic A.
Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania
|
2007
|
Vol. 48, nr 3
23-25
PL
Generatory termoelektryczne pozwalają przetwarzać energię cieplną na energię elektryczną która może zostać wykorzystana np. do zasilania mikroukładów elektronicznych czy też mikrosystemów. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki teoretycznej analizy dotyczącej projektowania i optymalizacji generatorów grubowarstwowych. Przedstawiono analizę zależności między rozmiarami i kształtem ramion termopar a ich parametrami użytkowymi (zwłaszcza mocą wyjściową generatora).
EN
Thermoelectric generators provides electrical energy from temperature difference. This energy can be use to supply microelectronic devices or microsystems. In this paper theoretical analysis of optimization process of thick film microgenerator is presented. Special attention is paid on the dependence between dimensions and shape of thermocouple arms and their useful parameters (mainly electrical output power generated by thermocouple).
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