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Geochemical Study of Mineralization of the Thermo-Mineral Sources in the North East of Algeria

Nechem Dounia, Hannouche Mani, Bougherira Nabil, Chaffai Hicham

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 9

218--224

The majority of thermal sources in northeastern of Algeria, is home to a large number of Hammams (spas) with high geothermal potential (El Tarf; Guelma, Souk Ahras, and Skikda). These thermal springs fall into the low temperature category (between 30°C and 150°C), however Hammam Debagh’s source being the warmest at about 90°C. Multiple field campaigns from 12 thermal springs were conducted in northeastern Algeria between 2020 and 2021 to highlight the geochemistry of these waters. The results show that these geologically protected waters have a totally stable geochemical composition, i.e., they have not undergone any chemical treatment or disinfection before being used thermally. Understanding the origin and mineralization of thermal waters in a continental Mediterranean environment is the focus of this investigation. The monitoring of physical indicators, including pH, temperature (°C), water conductivity, dissolved oxygen, flow, and turbidity, in conjunction with the use of the hydrochemical tool, chemical facies, and the saturation index, was done on the 12 of sites studied. Geological evidence has shown that these waters are typically found in deep aquifers and are subject to brittle tectonics. The findings of the investigations performed on the thermal waters revealed that for the evaporitic carbonated components, an enrichment in (Na+2) and in (Cl-) mostly attributable to a geological origin, on the other hand, a depletion of halite (under-saturated) and to a lesser extent, gypsum.

Chamaepinnularia thermophila (Bacillariophyceae) : synonymy with Navicula tongatensis Hustedt and update of its geographic distribution and ecology

Lai Giuseppina Grazia, Ector Luc, Padedda Bachisio Mario, Lugliè Antonella, Wetzel Carlos Eduardo

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2019

Vol. 48, No. 2

105--115

Chamaepinnularia thermophila is a small and poorly known diatom species. After the first description from a hot spring in Guadalupe in 1952, its presence appeared to be limited to a few other springs of the French Antilles. The objective of this study is to report new information on aspects of taxonomy, distribution and ecology of this species. Accurate analysis under light and scanning electron microscope of the material collected on different substrates (cobbles, macrophytes and fine sediments) from a thermo-mineral spring of Sardinia (Italy) allowed us to document the first record of the species in the Mediterranean area. Furthermore, the comparison with Navicula tongatensis from Hustedt's original material, carried out because of their similarity, revealed identical morphological characteristics suggesting their consequent synonymy. Based on the information available in the literature and our data, C. thermophila is a rare species present mainly in tropical areas, in thermal springs with alkaline pH, medium to high conductivity and low to moderate nutrient content. The occurrence of the species at sites with very different environmental characteristics seems unusual, but it could indicate a broader ecological range. This study contributes to the standardization of the nomenclature used for this species so far and provides the first framework on its global geographic distribution and ecology.