Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Otrzymywanie wosków poliolefinowych w procesie termicznej degradacji. Część 1, Charakterystyka surowców

Kowalska Justyna, Sacher-Majewska Beata, Czaja Krystyna

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 3

358--367

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości molekularnych, strukturalnych i termicznych wybranych gatunków polietylenu dużej gęstości (HDPE), małej gęstości (LDPE) oraz liniowych polietylenów małej gęstości (LLDPE) przeznaczonych do procesu termicznej degradacji w kierunku otrzymywania wosków poliolefinowych. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły na ocenę właściwości wytypowanych polimerów i określenie zdolności ich wykorzystania w procesie produkcji wosków poliolefinowych o określonych właściwościach z zastosowaniem korzystnego bilansu ekonomicznego prowadzonego procesu.

EN

High-d., low-d., and linear low-d. polyethylenes (I) were used as raw materials for prodn. of polyolefin waxes by thermal degradation under air or N₂. The ability of I for the degradation depended on their mol. mass and structure. The branched I were the most susceptible for the degradation.

2

Otrzymywanie wosków poliolefinowych w procesie termicznej degradacji. Część 2, Wpływ struktury surowca na właściwości wosku polietylenowego

Kowalska Justyna, Grzymek Marek, Czaja Krystyna

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

|

T. 103, nr 3

368--374

PL

Gatunki polietylenów dużej gęstości (HDPE), małej gęstości (LDPE) oraz linowych polietylenów małej gęstości (LLDPE) wytypowane na podstawie wcześniej wykonanych badań molekularno-strukturalnych i termicznych poddano procesowi termicznej degradacji w ustalonych warunkach w kierunku uzyskania wosków polietylenowych. Otrzymane produkty poddano szczegółowej analizie, a uzyskane wyniki porównano z odpowiednimi wynikami uzyskanymi dla użytych surowców. Na tej podstawie przedyskutowano mechanizm tworzenia wosków polietylenowych w procesie termicznej degradacji poliolefin.

EN

Polyolefin waxes were produced by thermal degrdn. of high-d. low-d. and linear low-d. polyethylenes and studied for their structure by IR spectroscopy with Fourier transformation. The structures were compared with structures of resp. raw materials. The thermal degrdn. was confirmed as an efficient method for prodn. of polyolefin waxes.

3

Study on safe disposal of cephalosporins based on kinetic pyrolysis mechanism

Fan Jiangxue, Zhang Meng, Hou Xiaofei, Wang Fang, Bai Mengyuan, Jiao Ruoxi, Yang Zhongyu, Duan Erhong, Cheng Fengfei, Zhou Wen

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2023

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Vol. 25, nr 4

52--60

EN

Based on the global goals for cleaner production and sustainable development, the pyrolysis behavior of cephalosporin residues was studied by TG-MS method. The influence of full temperature window on the safe disposal of residues was analyzed based on the “3-2-2” and “1+1” of thermal analysis kinetics, and the gas by-products of thermal degradation were monitored. Results showed that the pyrolysis of distillation residues were divided into low and high-temperature zones, including six stages. Maximum error rate (8.55%) by multiple scan rate was presented based on “3-2-2” pattern and maximum total fluctuation (33.7) by single scan rate was presented based on “1+1” pattern, which implied that the comprehensive multi-level comparison method was very reliable. The E value “E” of six stages showed an increasing trend ranging 166.8 to 872.8 kJ/mol. LgA(mean) was 27.28. Most mechanism function of stage 1, 2 were Z-L-T equation (3D), stage 3, 4, 6 were Avrami-Erofeev equation (AE3, AE4, AE2/3) and stage 5 was Reaction Order (O2). In addition, various small molecular micromolecule substances were detected such as C2H4O, C2H6, NH3, CH4, CO2 under full temperature windows and a possible pyrolysis path of residues was provided.

4

Thermochemical Degradation of Polypropylene: Energy and Exergy Analysis in a Tubular Reactor

Cruz Jose Nolasco, Hernández Irma Pérez, Villalobo María de Lourdes Castellanos, Henández Angélica Pérez, Ávila Juan José López

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 5

14--21

EN

One method to evaluate the energy behavior is energy and exergy analysis. These analyses applied to waste-to-energy conversion technologies provide the information on operating conditions, facilitating energy optimization processes. In this study, an energetic and exergy analysis was used on the thermochemical degradation process of polypropylene in a tubular reactor at 600 °C with a speed of 15 °C min-1. The experimental data used in this work were taken from the study by Parku et al. (2020). According to the results, energy efficiencies of up to 43% and exergy efficiencies of 38% were achieved, and it was also observed, according to what was reported, that the products obtained from pyrolysis contain a high calorific value and can be used as alternative fuels.

5

Polylactide Used as Filament in 3D Printing – Part 2: TG-DTG, DSC and DRIFT Investigations

Grabowska Beata, Skowron Mateusz, Kaczmarska Karolina

Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 7, no. 4

41–48

EN

In this second part of the article, we delve deeper into the research area initiated in the first part, focusing on the critical exploration of polylactide (PLA) modification to enhance thermal and mechanical properties in PLA-based materials, building upon the insights obtained from comprehensive structural and thermal analyses utilizing analytical methods such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT), and thermoanalytical research (DRIFT, TG-DTG). A series of structural and thermal analysis research (TG-DTG, DSC, DRIFT) were performed for samples of polylactide (PLA), which is commonly used in additive technologies as a structural material. In total, four materials were considered, including two containing dyes with different colors, a material made of PLA recyclate and a graphene-modified PLA material. It was noted that PLA material reinforced with graphene phase (GRAFYLON®) retains the best thermal properties (TG-DTG), which results in its wider potential for processing, including further modification and usability in manufacturing vehicle structural elements. Recycled PLA material (ALFA+W) was characterized by a higher melting point (Tp ) by more than 20°C than other samples (DSC analysis), so it can be more useful in the production of structural elements operating and used at elevated temperatures.

6

Effects of pumice additions on thermal and mechanical behaviors of epoxy resin

Kırbaş İbrahim

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 4

art. no. e146286

EN

In this study, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, and thermal degradation of pumice-added epoxy materials were investigated. 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of pumice was added to the epoxy resin (EP) % by weight. Various types of analyses and tests were conducted to determine the thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, and thermal degradation of these epoxy materials. The tests and analyses proved that the addition of pumice leads to a decrease in the thermal conductivity coefficient and density of the pure EP material. It also increases the degree of hardness. The addition of pumice had a positive effect on mechanical properties. Compared to pure EP, it increased the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, bending strength, and flexural modulus. As a result of TGA analysis it was determined that with the incorporation of pumice into the EP, its decomposition rate progressed more slowly. At 800_C, the carbon residue improved as a result of the addition of pumice.

7

Review of the Thermochemical Degradation of PET: An Alternative Method of Recycling

Cruz José Nolasco, Martínez Karla Donjuan, Zavariz Álvaro Daniel, Hernández Irma Pérez

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 9

319--330

EN

Plastics play an important role in our lives due to their versatility, lightness and low production cost. They can be found in almost every industry such as automotive, construction, packaging, medical, and engineering applications among others. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most consumed plastics worldwide in the packaging sector, which is why its useful life is usually very short, causing serious problems due to high disposal in the environment and urban landfills. The thermochemical degradation of PET has been studied by some researchers and it has been found that its degradation products are of high added value, which is why this work focuses on presenting the results obtained in the literature.

8

Effect of Abiotic Degradation on the Colorimetric Analysis, Mechanical Properties and Morphology of PLA Composites with Linen Fibers

Tor-Świątek Aneta, Garbacz Tomasz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2021

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Vol. 15, no 1

99--109

EN

The manufacturing of composites from biomaterials enables the production of environmentand user-friendly biodegradable products. The matrix of such composite materials is made of biopolymers such as PLA or PGA, while the reinforcement is usually made of natural fibers. Such composites have unique physical and mechanical properties as well as distinctive, eye-catching performance and aesthetic characteristics such as texture, color or roughness. This paper presents the results of colorimetric examination of polymer-linen biocomposite materials under abiotic degradation. The colorimetric examination was made based on a CIELAB model determining the values of lightness, color saturation, chromatic colors and total color difference. The SEM morphology of the specimen surface fracture was also examined. The obtained results show a significant effect of abiotic degradation on the tested parameters.

9

Study of thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of ABS/PC blend

Bano Saira, Ramzan Naveed, Iqbal Tanveer, Mahmood Hamayoun, Saeed Farhan

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2020

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Vol. 22, nr 3

64--69

EN

This work investigated kinetics and thermal degradation of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polycarbonate (ABS/PC) blend using thermogravimetric analysis in the range of 25 to 520°C. For thermal degradation of blend, activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) were calculated under various heating rates as 5, 10, 15 and 20°C/min using iso-conversional model-free methods (Kissinger, Flynn-Wall- Ozawa and Friedman). Mass loss of the blend as a function of temperature was plotted as thermogravimetric curve (TG) while derivative values of mass loss were drawn as derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curve. Using Kissinger method, Ea was 51.4 kJ/mol, while values calculated from FWO and Friedman method were 86–161 and 30–251 kJ/mol respectively. Results showed increasing trend of Ea with higher conversion values indicating different degradation mechanisms at the initial and final stages of the experiment. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and entropy change (ΔS) were also calculated.

10

Polylactide Used as Filment in 3D Printing – Part 1: FTIR, DRIFT and TG-DTG Studies

Grabowska Beata, Kaczmarska Karolina, Cukrowicz Sylwia, Mączka Elżbieta, Bobrowski Artur

Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 4, no. 3

48--52

EN

A short literature review was undertaken in terms of the structure, properties and applications of polymers, including those commonly used in 3D printing. The research part included the structural and thermal analysis of polylactide (PLA), which is an example of an extensively used polymer in the developing 3D technology. Special attention was paid to the comparison of structure and thermal stability of two different (from various producers) polylactide samples. The research, involving such analytical methods as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT), allowed the comparison of the structure of the two PLA samples considered. The determination of the temperature range in which changes related to PLA thermodestruction occur was a result of the performed thermoanalytical research (DRIFT, TG-DTG). Thermal studies also allowed to establish the temperature range in which the material does not yet degrade, which is important in the context of future planned research work on polylactide modification to obtain the improvement of the thermal and mechanical properties of PLA-based materials. This research area will be described in the second part of the publication.

11

Wizualizacyjna metoda oceny szronienia chłodnicy powietrza

Jakończuk Paweł, Gagan Jerzy, Śmierciew Kamil, Butrymowicz Dariusz

Instal

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2020

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nr 5

11--16

PL

Wymienniki ciepła z ożebrowanymi rurami są szeroko stosowane w ogrzewnictwie, wentylacji, klimatyzacji i chłodnictwie. W przypadku wymienników pracujących jako chłodnice powietrza dochodzi do szronienia, które na ogół silnie pogarsza efektywność wymiany ciepła, poprzez wytworzenie dodatkowego oporu cieplnego i wywoływanie strat ciśnienia. W artykule przedstawiono analizę wpływu szronienia na pracę chłodnicy powietrza przy pomocy zaproponowanej przez autorów metody wykorzystującej zsynchronizowane z pomiarami wielkości cieplno-przepływowych fotografie powierzchni wymiany ciepła. Na podstawie długoterminowych badań wymiennika pracującego w chłodni sprawdzono wpływ szronienia m. in. na wydajność chłodniczą, współczynnik obejścia i opór termiczny. W analizowanym przypadku szronienie zmniejszało wydajność chłodniczą nawet o 40%.

EN

Finned tube heat exchangers are widely used in heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration. In the case of exchangers operating as air coolers, frost formation occurs, which generally strongly deteriorates the efficiency of heat transfer by creating additional thermal resistance and causing additional pressure loss. The paper provides with the analysis of the effect of frosting process on the operation of the air cooler using the method proposed by the authors using observations synchronised with thermal measurements of air cooler. On the basis of long-term tests of the air cooler operating in the vegetables cold storage chamber the influence of frosting process was assessed, among others on cooling capacity, bypass factor, and thermal resistance. In the analysed case, frosting reduced the cooling capacity by up to 40%.

12

Thermal Degradation Behaviour and Kinetics of aged TNT-based Melt Cast Composition B

Singh Arjun, Sharma Tirupati Chander, Singh Vasundhara, Mukherjee Niladri

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2019

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Vol. 16, no. 3

360--379

EN

In the present paper, three kinds of aged and freshly prepared 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) based Composition B stockpiled, for a period of 20 and 32 years, were investigated for the effect of natural ageing on their thermal degradation behaviour and kinetic parameters. The properties investigated indicated that there was no significant change in the thermal stability of the samples aged under natural environmental conditions. The kinetic parameters were studied by means of the Kissinger method using the peak temperature at maximum reaction rate from DSC data, and the isoconversional Kissinger-Akahira-Sunnose (KAS) and ASTM E689 methods from TGA data. The apparent activation energies calculated by the Kissinger method were 173.8 kJ·mol–1 for fresh, 170.4 kJ·mol–1 for 20 y old and 187.1 kJ·mol–1 for 32 y old Composition B, respectively. The values calculated by the KAS method were found to be in the range 77.2-235.8 kJ·mol–1 for fresh Composition B, 75.7-224.0 kJ·mol–1 for 20 y old and 70.4-196.0 kJ·mol–1 for 30 y old Composition B, respectively. The activation energies obtained from the KAS methods are in good agreement and consistent with the isoconversional ASTM E689 kinetic method. The thermodynamic parameters, such the Gibbs free energy of activation (ΔG#), activation enthalpy (ΔH#) and activation entropy (ΔS#) for the formation of activated complexes were also studied and are discussed.

13

Thermal behavior and kinetic decomposition of sweet potato starch by non-isothermal procedures

Liu Ying, Yang Liutao, Zhang Yingzhe

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2019

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Vol. 40, no 4

67--82

EN

In this study, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method were used to analyze the main characteristics of sweet potato starch, and to analyze the thermal degradation process of sweet potato starch. Specifically, X-ray diffraction to study its structure, thermogravimetric analysis to study the thermal degradation kinetics, and differential scanning calorimetry to study the thermogram of sweet potato starch. The thermal decomposition kinetics of sweet potato starch was examined within different heating rates in nitrogen atmosphere. Different models of kinetic analysis were used to calculate the activation energies using thermogravimetric data of the thermal degradation process. Activation energies obtained from Kissinger, Flynn-WallOzawa, and Šatava-Šesták models were 173.85, 174.87 and 174.34 kJ/mol, respectively. The values of activation energy indicated that the thermal degradation of the sweet potato starch was a single reaction mechanism or the combination of multi-reaction mechanisms. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis show that two decomposition stages were presented: the first at a low temperature involves the decomposition of long chain; and the second at a high temperature represents the scission of glucose ring. This information was helpful to design the processing process of many natural polymers. Thermogravimetric Fourier transform-infrared (TG–FTIR) analysis showed that the main pyrolysis products included water, methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and others.

14

Ocena mocy cieplnej aparatów wymiany ciepła siłowni parowych dla różnych stanów ich użytkowania w aspekcie degradacji termicznej

Hajduk T.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2018

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nr 108

43--54

PL

Odkładające się osady na powierzchniach wymiany ciepła wymienników ciepła w okrętowych i lądowych siłowniach parowych są przyczyną m.in. wzrostu spiętrzeń temperatur oraz związanego z tym pogorszenia stopnia próżni w skraplaczach. Proces degradacji termicznej prowadzi zawsze do zmniejszenia strumienia cieplnego transportowanego przez wymienniki, a w końcowym efekcie do zmniejszenia sprawności danego układu cieplnego. Okazuje się jednak, że utrata mocy cieplnej wymiennika ciepła nie zależy tylko od wartości samych oporów ciepłych osadów, ale jest również ściśle skorelowana z atrybutami cieplnymi wymiennika ciepła, tj. wartościami współczynnika przenikania ciepła w różnych stanach eksploatacyjnych wymiennika. W artykule opisano powyższe zjawiska oraz zaprezentowano rezultaty własnych badań eksperymentalnych.

EN

The fouling presence on the heat transfer surfaces of the heat exchangers within the stationary and the ship steam power plants cause an increase in terminal temperature difference values and entails a decrease of the vacuum level, as well. The thermal degradation process always leads to reducing the thermal flux transported by the heat exchangers and decreasing total efficiency of the thermal unit, finally. It turns out, however, that the loss of thermal power of a heat exchanger does not only depend on the fouling thermal resistance but is also closely correlated with the thermal attributes of given heat exchanger, i.e. the heat transfer coefficient values at various operating conditions for that heat exchanger. The article describes the above-mentioned phenomena and presents the results of the author’s own experimental research.

15

Analiza charakterystyk dyspersyjnych papieru aramidowego impregnowanego estrem naturalnym i syntetycznym w dziedzinie wysokich częstotliwości

Wolny S.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2018

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R. 94, nr 10

168--171

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych wykonanych na próbkach izolacji aramidowej impregnowanej estrami, naturalnym i syntetycznym. Próbki papieru aramidowego poddano procesowi przyspieszonej degradacji termicznej, który polegał na jego wygrzewaniu jeszcze przed impregnacją w temperaturze 250°C przez określony czas. Analizie poddano wpływ stopnia zestarzenia papieru aramidowego na charakterystyki dyspersyjne pojemności i współczynnika strat w zakresie temperatury od 20°C do 100°C.

EN

The paper presents the results of laboratory investigations carried out on aramid insulation impregnated with esters, natural and synthetic. Aramid paper samples were subjected to the process of accelerated thermal degradation, which consisted in its heating still before impregnation in temperature of 250°C for a definite time period. The analysis was subjected to influence of the aramid paper aging degree on dispersion characteristics of capacitance and loss factor in the temperature range from 20°C to 100°C.

16

Determinanty procesu degradacji termicznej aparatów wymiany ciepła w siłowniach parowych

Hajduk T.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

|

2017

|

nr 100

87--99

PL

Obecność zanieczyszczeń na powierzchniach wymiany ciepła aparatów wymiany ciepła w okrętowych i lądowych siłowniach parowych jest przyczyną m.in. wzrostu spiętrzeń temperatur oraz związanego z tym pogorszenia stopnia próżni w skraplaczach. W końcowym efekcie proces degradacji termicznej wymienników ciepła prowadzi do zmniejszenia sprawności danego układu cieplnego. Symptomy degradacji termicznej najczęściej definiowane są jako różnica między wartościami parametrów cieplno-przepływowych dla stanu referencyjnego i wartościami dla stanu aktualnego. W efekcie końcowym zjawisko degradacji cieplnej pociąga za sobą wzrost kosztów przetwarzania energii, a w konsekwencji prowadzi do zwiększonej degradacji środowiska naturalnego. W artykule opisano powyższe zjawiska oraz zaprezentowano determinanty degradacji termicznej wymienników ciepła siłowni parowych, opierając się na rezultatach własnych badań eksperymentalnych.

EN

he deposits presence on the heat transfer surfaces of the heat exchangers within the stationary and the ship steam power plants cause an inscrease in terminal temperature difference values and entails a decrease of the vacuum level, as well. That fact leads to reducing the total efficiency of the thermal unit. Symptoms of heat degradation are usually defined as the difference between the values of thermal-flow parameters for the current and the reference state. Moreover, thermal degradation of any heat transfer device always entails an increase in the cost of energy conversion, leading to increasing the emission output of greenhouse gases and finally increasing the environmental degradation process. The above-mentioned phenomena, the determinants of the thermal degradation as well as the results of the author’s own experimental research have been presented in the paper.

17

Preparation and characterization of poly(urea-urethane) elastomers synthetized from rapeseed oil-based polyols. Part II. Thermal properties

Ryszkowska J., Auguścik M., Kurańska M., Oliwa R., Czech-Polak J., Prociak A.

Polimery

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2017

|

T. 62, nr 2

136--143

EN

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies revealed that the content of urethane, urea, and allophanate groups in hard segments depends on the amount of biopolyol used for the synthesis of elastomers (Table 2). Replacement of polyol of petrochemical origin with a natural material can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but it should not deteriorate heat resistance and fire resistance, which determine the suitability of obtained elastomers for technical applications (eg. in the mining industry). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under atmosphere of nitrogen and air atmosphere as well as combined analysis TGA/FT-IR of the obtained PUUR samples in air (Tables 3–4, Figs. 1–3) have shown that use of a polyol rapeseed oil resulted in only a slight reduction in their heat resistance as compared to the sample prepared without biopolyol. Use of biopolyol slightly worsens the fire resistance (Tables 5–6, Figs. 4–6).

PL

Przedmiotem badań były poliuretanomoczniki (PUUR) wytworzone z zastosowaniem poliolu z oleju rzepakowego, którym zastępowano częściowo poliol pochodzenia petrochemicznego. Badania metodą spektroskopii w podczerwieni z transformatą Fouriera (FT-IR) pozwoliły stwierdzić, że zawartość ugrupowań uretanowych, mocznikowych i allofanianowych w segmentach sztywnych otrzymanych materiałów zależy od ilości biopoliolu użytego do syntezy elastomerów (tabela 2). Zastąpienie poliolu pochodzenia petrochemicznego surowcem naturalnym pozwala ograniczyć emisje gazów cieplarnianych, ale nie powinno przy tym pogarszać odporności termicznej i odporności na działanie ognia, które decydują o przydatności otrzymanych elastomerów do zastosowań technicznych (np. w górnictwie). Przeprowadzona analiza termograwimetryczna (TGA) w atmosferze azotu i atmosferze powietrza oraz analiza połączona TGA/FT-IR w atmosferze powietrza otrzymanych próbek PUUR (tabele 3–4, rys. 1–3) dowiodła, że zastosowanie poliolu z oleju rzepakowego spowodowało tylko nieznaczne zmniejszenie ich odporności termicznej w porównaniu z próbką otrzymaną bez biopoliolu. Użycie biopolioli nieznacznie pogorszyło również odporność na działanie ognia (tabele 5–6, rys. 4–6).

18

Heat resisting and water-soluble chocolate polyesters containing azomethine group

Temizkan K., Kaya I.

Materials Science Poland

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2017

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Vol. 35, No. 2

303--312

EN

In this study, soluble in water poly(azomethine-ester)s (PAEs) were synthesized via elimination reactions of aromatic dihydroxy compounds containing imine bonding with terephthaloyl chloride. The structures of Schiff bases (SBs) and PAEs containing different aliphatic chains were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13H-NMR C-NMR and UV-Vis analyses. Physicochemical properties of the new polymers were characterized. Thermal properties of the compounds were investigated by TGA-DTA, DMA and DSC. According to TGA measurements, the starting degradation temperatures (Ton) of P-1, P-2, P-3, and P-4 poly(azomethine-ester)s were found as 255 °C, 232 °C, 222 °C, and 221 °C, respectively. The starting degradation temperatures of the poly(azomethine-ester)s were higher than their Schiff base compounds. According to dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) measurements, glass transition temperature (Tg) of P-1, P-2, P-3, and P-4 poly(azomethine-ester)s were found as 95 °C, 138 °C, 140 °C, and 145 °C, respectively. The morphological and topographic properties of the PAEs containing azomethine linkage in the main chain were investigated by FE-SEM and AFM, respectively. The molecular mass distributions of PAEs were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Electrochemical (E′g) and optical band gap (Eoptg ) values of the prepared SBs and PAEs were calculated from cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-Vis analyses. The electrochemical band gap (E′g) values of P-1, P-2, P-3 and P-4 were found as 2.44 eV, 2.41 eV, 2.39 eV and 2.39 eV, respectively, from the cyclic voltammetry.

19

TG-DTG-DSC, FTIR, DRIFT, and Py-GC-MS Studies of Thermal Decomposition for Poly(sodium acrylate)/Dextrin (PAANa/D) – New Binder BioCo3

Grabowska B., Kaczmarska K., Bobrowski A., Żymankowska-Kumon S., Kurleto-Kozioł Ż.

Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering

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2017

|

Vol. 1, no. 1

27--32

EN

TG-DTG-DSC, FTIR, DRIFT, and Py-GC-MS studies have been conducted to determine the effect of the thermal decomposition conditions and structure of foundry binder BioCo3 in the form of a composition poly(sodium acrylate)/dextrin (PAANa/D) on the progress of degradation in terms of processes occurring in foundry sands in contact with liquid metal. TG-DTG-DSC curves of the composition allowed us to determine the temperature range in which they do not undergo degradation, by which they do not lose their binding properties. With temperature increasing, physical and chemical changes occur that are related to the evaporation of solvent water (20–110°C), followed by the release of constitution water, and finally intermolecular dehydration (110–230°C). In this temperature range, processes that are mainly reversible take place. Within a temperature range of 450–826°C, polymer chains are decomposed, including the decomposition of side chains. Within a temperature range of 399–663°C, polymer composition decomposition can be observed (FTIR, DRIFT), and gas products are generated from this destruction (Py-GC-MS).

20

Elastomer spacers in fire conditions

Roszkowski P., Sędłak B., Sulik P.

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2017

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No. 26(3)

109--119

EN

In the paper, fire resistance of linear joints seal made of elastomer spacers under standard fire conditions, and thermal degradation range of EPDM elastomeric spacers are investigated. The geometry of elastomer spacer joints is important not only for their load capacity under normal conditions - thickness, width, and cavity depth can also influence fire resistance performance. Linear joints of different thicknesses and widths have been tested. The fire insulation and fire integrity were verified for various arrangements. Relatively low thermal degradation rates have been measured, given that EPDM is a combustible material.

PL

W artykule analizowano odporność ogniową uszczelnień złączy liniowych wykonanych z podkładek elastomerowych EPDM. Geometria podkładek elastomerowych jest ważna nie tylko pod względem ich nośności w warunkach normalnych - grubość, szerokość i głębokość zagłębienia podkładek, mają również wpływ na odporność ogniową. W artykule przetestowano uszczelnienia złączy liniowych o różnych grubościach i szerokościach. W opisywanym badaniu sprawdzano izolacyjność ogniową i szczelność ogniową dla różnych wariantów. Z dokonanych pomiarów wynikają stosunkowo małe prędkości degradacji cieplnej, biorąc pod uwagę, że EPDM jest materiałem palnym.