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1

Effect of Waste Fines and Fibers on the Strength and Durability Performance of Silica Fume Based Reactive Powder Concrete

Renisha M., Sakthieswaran N.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2022

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Vol. 30, no. 1 (151)

43--49

EN

The demand and consumption of conventional concrete materials is increasing day by day, which in turn leads to the extinction of natural resources. Certain researchers tend to draw a circle to solve this global problem by finding alternative materials satisfying all aspects, mainly efficiency, eco-friendly and economical. The present research work aimed to study the combined use of coal bottom ash (CBA) and waste concrete powder (WCP) in silica fume based reactive powder concrete (SF-RPC) subjected to thermal curing. The replacement of cement by silica fume was limited to 20% and the fine aggregate quartz sand replaced by CBA and WCP varied from 5% to 25% each. The material composition of SF-RPC involves the exclusion of coarse aggregates and the inclusion of finer materials with micro-steel fibers. The steel fibers played a significant role in order to obtain a ductile and stable product of SF-RPC. The experimental investigation on SF-RPC comprised of the determination of fresh concrete properties such as slump flow and the compaction factor, as well as mechanical properties like compressive strength, flexural strength and split-tensile strength. The study was also extended to investigate durability properties such as water absorption, sorptivity and resistance to acid attack. The results showed that silica fume proves to be a feasible alternative to partially replace cement and also that optimum incorporation of pre-treated and processed CBA and WCP attains better mechanical and durability performance without compromising the necessary qualities.

2

The Influence of Various Matrixes on the Strength Properties of Moulding Sands with Thermally Hardened Hydrated Sodium Silicate for the Ablation Casting Process

Major-Gabryś Katarzyna, Puzio Sabina, Bryłka Agata, Kamińska Jadwiga

Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 5, no. 2

31--35

EN

The essence of ablation casting technology consists in pouring castings into single-use moulds made from the mixture of sand and a water-soluble binder. After pouring the mould with liquid metal yet while the casting is still solidifying, the mould destruction (washing out, erosion) takes place using a stream of cooling medium, which in this case is water. This paper focuses on the selection of moulding sands with hydrated sodium silicate for moulds used in ablation casting. The research is based on the use of water glass 145 and 150 as binders. As part of the research, loose moulding mixtures based on two silica sands from different sand mines with different content of binders were prepared. The review of literature data and the results of own studies have shown that moulding sand with hydrated sodium silicate hardened by dehydration is characterized by sufficient strength properties to be used in the ablation casting process. Our own research also confirmed the possibility of using these sand mixtures in terms of both casting surface quality and sand reclamation. The results presented in this paper prove that both sand grains and types of binder tested may be used as components in moulding sands devoted to ablation casting.

3

Zaprawa geopolimerowa z popiołu lotnego aktywowanego Na2SiO3 i NaOH o bardzo dużej wytrzymałości

Atabey İsmail İsa, Karahan Okan, Bilim Cahit, Atiş Cengiz Duran

Cement Wapno Beton

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2020

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R. 25, nr 4

292--305

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań zapraw geopolimerowych o dużej wytrzymałości przygotowanych z dwóch rodzajów popiołu lotnego krzemionkowego. Jako aktywatory użyto wodorotlenku sodu oraz mieszaniny wodorotlenku i krzemianu sodu, w postaci roztworów. Aktywator dodawano w ilościach od 6 do 15% NaOH, w stosunku do masy popiołu. Zaprawy po przygotowaniu dojrzewały w temperaturach 60ºC, 80ºC lub 100ºC przez różny czas, od 24 godzin do 7 dni. Zwiększenie dodatku sodu lub wyższa temperatura dojrzewania zwiększają wytrzymałość badanych zapraw na zginanie i ściskanie. Najlepsze wyniki – wytrzymałość na ściskanie i zginanie odpowiednio 100 MPa i 20 MPa, uzyskano dla zapraw aktywowanych 15% dodatkiem wodorotlenku sodu, poddanych naparzaniu w 100ºC przez 24 godziny. Mieszany aktywator – krzemian i wodorotlenek sodu pozwolił również uzyskać duże wytrzymałości, jednak mniejsze niż sam wodorotlenek sodu. Wydłużenie czasu pielęgnacji w wysokiej temperaturze o ponad 24 godziny nie dawało w większości przypadków korzystnych wyników. Zaprawa geopolimerowa z popiołu lotnego, aktywowana 15% NaOH w stosunku do masy popiołu, utwardzana w temperaturze 100ºC przez 24 godziny, wykazała około 18% zmniejszenie emisji gazów cieplarnianych w porównaniu ze zwykłą zaprawą cementową z cementu portlandzkiego.

EN

The paper presents the results of research of high-strength geopolymer mortars, prepared from two types of siliceous fly ash. Sodium hydroxide and mixtures of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate in the form of solutions were used as activators. The activator was added in amounts ranging from 6 to 15% NaOH in relation to the ash mass. After preparation, the mortars were cured at the temperature of 60ºC, 80ºC or 100ºC for various times, from 24 hours to 7 days. Increasing the addition of sodium or a higher curing temperature increase the flexural and compressive strength of the tested mortars. The best results - compressive and flexural strength of 100 MPa and 20 MPa, respectively, were obtained for mortar activated with 15% sodium hydroxide, cured at 100°C for 24 hours. Blended activator – sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide also allowed to obtain high strengths, but lower than sodium hydroxide alone. Extending the curing time at high temperature beyond 24 hours did not produce favourable results in most cases. Fly ash geopolymer mortar, activated with 15% NaOH by mass of ash, cured at 100°C for 24 hours, showed about 18% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to common Portland cement mortar.

4

Moulding Sand with Inorganic Cordis Binder for Ablation Casting

Hosadyna-Kondracka M., Major-Gabryś K., Kamińska J., Grabarczyk A., Angrecki M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 4

110--115

EN

The essence of ablation casting technology consists in pouring castings in single-use moulds made from the mixture of sand and a water-soluble binder. After pouring the mould with liquid metal, while the casting is still solidifying, the mould destruction (washing out, erosion) takes place using a stream of cooling medium, which in this case is water. This paper focuses on the selection of moulding sands with hydrated sodium silicate for moulds used in the ablation casting. The research is based on the use of Cordis binder produced by the Hüttenes-Albertus Company. It is a new-generation inorganic binder based on hydrated sodium silicate. Its hardening takes place under the effect of high temperature. As part of the research, loose moulding mixtures based on the silica sand with different content of Cordis binder and special Anorgit additive were prepared. The reference material was sand mixture without the additive. The review of literature data and the results of own studies have shown that moulding sand with hydrated sodium silicate hardened by dehydration is characterized by sufficient strength properties to be used in the ablation casting process. Additionally, at the Foundry Research Institute in Krakow, preliminary semi-industrial tests were carried out on the use of Cordis sand technology in the manufacture of moulds for ablation casting. The possibility to use these sand mixtures has been confirmed in terms of both casting surface quality and sand reclamation.

5

Estimation, based on the maturity function, of the strength of early age concrete cured at elevated temperature

Wawrzeńczyk J., Lech M.

Structure and Environment

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2015

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Vol. 7, no. 3

123--131

EN

In mass production of concrete precast units, it is important to optimise technology which would ensure high early age compressive strength of concrete, and also follow the principles of sustainable manufacturing and reduce costs. The paper presents the analysis of results obtained for three series of concretes made from CEM I42.5R cement, at the water-cement ratios of 0.34, 0.38, and 0.42, cured at different temperatures, namely 20, 40 and 60°C, where heating was performed in 16-hour cycle. The analysis aimed at determining functional properties which allow the estimation of concrete compressive strength depending on the temperature history. The Carino-Lew function was adopted to determine the relation between the curing time and temperature and the equivalent curing time te. The determined values of cement thermal sensitivity factor ranged 0.023÷0.040, which was related to the w/c ratio and the strength level. An exponential function was developed to express concrete compressive strength dependence on the equivalent curing time te. In the authors’ opinion, the function can contribute to the optimisation of the production process of concrete precast units by means of designing the temperature profile, depending on the concrete mix formulation and the assumed level of concrete structural strength.

6

Zagrożenia korozyjne podkładów kolejowych, cz.1

Pawluk J.

Cement Wapno Beton

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2014

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R. 18/80, nr 3

174--184

PL

W pracy omówiono podstawowe przyczyny powstawania uszkodzeń podkładów strunobetonowych. Zwrócono uwagę, że przyczyną korozji wewnętrznej może być reakcja wodorotlenków sodu i potasu z krzemionką w kruszywie. Jednak głównym zagrożeniem betonu w przypadku jego obróbki cieplnej, jest opóźnione powstawanie ettringitu. Występuje ono w przypadku większej od 0,6% zawartości rozpuszczalnych alkaliów w cemencie, wyrażonych jako ekwiwalent sodowy Na2Oe. Należy podkreślić, że zawartość rozpuszczalnych w wodzie związków sodu i potasu jest mała w kruszywie, co powoduje wprowadzenie do betonu około 0,4 kg/m3 Na2Oe w przypadku stosowania granitu lub bazaltu. Ekspansja betonu i towarzyszące mu zniszczenie tego kompozytu, jest największe w przypadku wyższej od 70oC temperatury obróbki cieplnej oraz stosowania cementu o dużych wczesnych wytrzymałościach. Wniosek z przeglądu literatury jest taki, że oba te najbardziej prawdopodobne mechanizmy wewnętrznej korozji betonu, wymagają stosowania cementu o niższym od 0,6% ekwiwalencie sodowym Na2Oe.

EN

In the paper the basic causes of deterioration of concrete sleepers are discussed. One of the causes of concrete damage can be the alkali silica reaction. However, the main mechanism of concrete deterioration, in the case of it heat treatment, is the delayed ettringite formation. It can occur in the case of higher than 0.6% of Na2Oe content of total alkali present in cement, which assures the soluble alkalis content of about 0.4%. The content of soluble alkalis in aggregate is low and this component introduce to concrete about 0.4 kg/m3 of Na2Oe, in the case of usage of granite and basalt. The concrete expansion is the highest if the heat treatment is at temperature higher than 70°C, and the rapid hardening cement is applied. The conclusion of the literature analysis is that both internal corrosion of concrete need the usage of cement with the sodium equivalent lower than 0.6% of Na2Oe.

7

Wpływ dodatków mineralnych na ekspansję zapraw cementowych dojrzewających w podwyższonej temperaturze

Owsiak Z.

Cement Wapno Beton

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2008

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R. 13/75, nr 1

33-39

PL

Opisano wyniki badań mających na celu określenie wpływu dodatków mineralnych na ekspansję i mikrostrukturę zapraw poddawanych obróbce cieplnej. Zaprawy te zawierały reaktywne kruszywo krzemionkowe i były sporządzone z cementów o zwiększonej zawartości alkaliów i siarczanów (gips + Na2SC4). Dodatek 20% krzemionkowego popiołu lotnego zmniejsza ponad czterokrotnie ekspansję tej zaprawy, a dodatek mączki wapiennej zmniejsza ją trzykrotnie. W zaprawie z tymi dodatkami mineralnymi mikrostruktura zaczynu oraz budowa strefy przejściowej matryca cementowa - ziarna kruszywa jest zwarta i nie obserwuje się konglomeratów ettringitu.

EN

The results of experiments which aim was to examine the influence of mineral additions on expansion and microstructure of heat treated mortars were presented. These mortars contained reactive opal and were made from cement rich in alkalis and sulphates (gypsum and Na2S04). The addition of 20% of siliceous fly ash or ground limestone decreases four times and three times the expansion respectively. In the mortars with these mineral additions the microstructure of cement matrix as well as ITZ are compact and no conglomerates of ettringite crystals were found.