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1
Content available remote Towards high sensitivity and high-resolution PET scanners: imaging-guided proton therapy and total body imaging
Lang Karol
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2022
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Vol. 18, no. 1
96--106
EN
Quantitative imaging (i.e., providing not just an image but also the related data) guidance in proton radiation therapy to achieve and monitor the precision of planned radiation energy deposition field in-vivo (a.k.a. proton range verification) is one of the most underinvested aspects of radiation cancer treatment despite that it may dramatically enhance the treatment accuracy and lower the exposure related toxicity improving the entire outcome of cancer therapy. In this article, we briefly describe the effort of the TPPT Consortium (a collaborative effort of groups from the University of Texas and Portugal) on building a time-of-flight positronemission-tomography (PET) scanner to be used in preclinical studies for proton therapy at MD Anderson Proton Center in Houston. We also discuss some related ideas towards improving and expanding the use of PET detectors, including the total body imaging.
2
Content available Microprocessor-based air plethysmograph for the examination of compressed tissue of limbs
Fąs Tomasz, Kaczmarek Mariusz
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2022
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Vol. 24, no. 3
41--48
EN
The aim of the article is to propose a simple microprocessor-based air plethysmograph that uses a measurement of changes in air pressure in a closed cuff to determine the changes in the volume of the compressed limb. Methods: The microprocessor-controlled measurement system applied pressure to the object (ultimately the limb) by pumping air into the cuff surrounding the object. Changes in pressure and air temperature in the cuff over time were recorded. The results supplemented with the calibration procedure made it possible to determine the changes in the volume of the object. Results: Measurement-independent calibration and temperature correction of pressure changes in the system proved to be necessary components of the measurement procedure for volume changes. When comparing the device test results with the actual changes observed with the limb model, there was a discrepancy between 0.2 and 0.7 percent of the total volume under the cuff. Conclusions: Studies have shown that the proposed air plethysmograph is useful for assessing the changes in the volume of the limb model within the range that are expected in the diagnosis of lymphedema. The solution is a cheaper and less complicated alternative than most of the available methods of measuring changes in the volume of edema tissue under controlled pressure.
3
Content available remote Unparalleled and revolutionary impact of PET imaging on research and day to day practice of medicine
Alavi Abass, Werner Thomas J., Stępień Ewa Ł., Moskal Paweł
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2021
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Vol. 17, no. 4
203--212
EN
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is the most quantitative modality for assessing disease activity at the molecular and cellular levels, and therefore, it allows monitoring its course and determining the efficacy of various therapeutic interventions. In this scientific communication, we describe the unparalleled and revolutionary impact of PET imaging on research and day to day practice of medicine. We emphasize the critical importance of the development and synthesis of novel radiotracers (starting from the enormous impact of F-Fluorodeouxyglucose (FDG) introduced by investigators at the University of Pennsylvania (PENN)) and PET instrumentation. These innovations have led to the total-body PET systems enabling dynamic and parametric molecular imaging of all organs in the body simultaneously. We also present our perspectives for future development of molecular imaging by multiphoton PET systems that will enable users to extract substantial information (owing to the evolving role of positronium imaging) about the related molecular and biological bases of various disorders, which are unachievable by the current PET imaging techniques.
4
Content available remote Theranostics - present and future
Królicki Leszek, Kunikowska Jolanta
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2021
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Vol. 17, no. 4
213--220
EN
Theragnostics in nuclear medicine constitute an essential element of precision medicine. This notion integrates radionuclide diagnostics procedures and radionuclide therapies using appropriate radiopharmaceutics and treatment targeting specific biological pathways or receptors. The term theragnostics should also include another aspect of treatment: not only whether a given radioisotopic drug can be used, but also in what dose it ought to be used. Theragnostic procedures also allow predicting the effects of treatment based on the assessment of specific receptor density or the metabolic profile of neoplastic cells. The future of theragnostics depends not only on the use of new radiopharmaceuticals, but also on new gamma cameras. Modern theragnostics already require unambiguous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measurements based on absolute values. Only dynamic studies provide such a possibility. The introduction of the dynamic total-body PET-CT will enable this type of measurements characterizing metabolic processes and receptor expression on the basis of Patlak plot.
5
Content available remote Radioactive nuclei for β+γ PET and theranostics: selected candidates
Matulewicz Tomasz
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2021
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Vol. 17, no. 4
235--239
EN
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an established medical diagnostic imaging method. Continuous improvements are aimed at refining image reconstruction, reducing the amount of radioactive tracer and combining with targeted therapy. Time-of-flight (TOF)-PET provides the localization of the tracer through improved time resolution, nuclear physics may contribute to this goal via selection of radioactive nuclei emitting additional γ-rays. This additional radiation, when properly detected, localizes the decay of the tracer at the line of response (LoR) determined by two detected 511 keV quanta. Selected candidates are presented. Some are particularly interesting, as they are strong candidates for theranostic applications.
6
Content available remote Positronium as a biomarker of hypoxia
Moskal Paweł, Stępień Ewa Ł.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2021
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Vol. 17, no. 4
311--319
EN
In this review article, we present arguments demonstrating that the advent of high sensitivity total-body PET systems and the invention of the method of positronium imaging, open realistic perspectives for the application of positronium as a biomarker for in-vivo assessment of the degree of hypoxia. Hypoxia is a state or condition, in which the availability of oxygen is not sufficient to support physiological processes in tissue and organs. Positronium is a metastable atom formed from electron and positron which is copiously produced in the intramolecular spaces in the living organisms undergoing positron emission tomography (PET). Properties of positronium, such as e.g., lifetime, depend on the size of intramolecular spaces and the concentration in them of oxygen molecules. Therefore, information on the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the tissue may be derived from the positronium lifetime measurement. The partial pressure of oxygen differs between healthy and cancer tissues in the range from 10 to 50 mmHg. Such differences of pO2 result in the change of ortho-positronium lifetime e.g., in water by about 2–7 ps. Thus, the application of positronium as a biomarker of hypoxia requires the determination of the mean positronium lifetime with the resolution in the order of 2 ps. We argue that such resolution is in principle achievable for organ-wise positronium imaging with the total-body PET systems.
7
Content available remote New trends in theranostics
Moskal Paweł, Stępień Ewa Ł.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2021
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Vol. 17, no. 4
199--202
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