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Możliwości zasilania Wielorozdzielczej Bazy Danych Topograficznych z wybranych publicznych rejestrów georeferencyjnych

Bac-Bronowicz J., Olszewski R.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2010

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T. 8, z. 1

7-15

PL

Jednym z celów tworzenia WBDT jest gromadzenie źródłowych danych topograficznych, służących do opracowania innych systemów informacji geograficznej. Istotne jest zatem takie zdefiniowanie podstawowej struktury bazy referencyjnej, które umożliwi z jednej strony pełne wykorzystanie już istniejących danych tematycznych, z drugiej zaś pozwoli na poszerzenie kręgu potencjalnych użytkowników tej bazy. Opracowana w projekcie celowym nr 6 T 12 2005C/06552 koncepcja Wielorozdzielczej Bazy Danych Topograficznych, wykorzystująca materiały stanowiące pzgik: zapewnia optymalne wykorzystanie dostępnych obecnie baz topograficznych i umożliwia integrację innych opracowań wykonanych z zastosowaniem wieloaspektowych zasad tworzenia WBDT . Dotyczy to nie tylko zabezpieczenia praktycznych potrzeb związanych z planowaniem i realizacją inwestycji, prognoz oceny oddziaływania na środowisko przy pozyskiwaniu środków z funduszy unijnych, czy zarządzaniem przy różnego rodzaju zagrożeniach, kryzysach i katastrofach, ale pozwala łączyć doświadczenia wielu dyscyplin dla wielowymiarowego projektowania różnego rodzaju przedsięwzięć regionalnych, krajowych i międzynarodowych. Realizując te cele opracowano metodykę harmonizacji modelu pojęciowego wybranych baz danych tematycznych z pzgik: Mapy Sozologicznej (SOZO), Mapy Hydrograficznej (HYDRO), a także - uspójnienia danych pochodzących z innych Źródeł, takich jak: leśna mapa numeryczn (LMN), mapa geośrodowiskowa i hydrogeologiczna oraz rozważono dodatkowo inne możliwości integracji i harmonizacji w WBDT - np. z grupami obiektów w Elektronicznej Mapie Nawigacyjnej (ENC). Opracowanie WBDT wymagało także uspójnienia mechanizmów wymiany danych odniesionych przestrzennie z wielu rejestrów państwowych np. Państwowego Rejestru Nazw Geograficznych (PRNG), Państwowego Rejestru Granic (PRG), Rejestru Jednostek Podziału Terytorialnego Kraju TERYT. W projekcie szczegółowo opracowano prototyp systemu informatycznego PRNG, umożliwiającego udostępnianie nazw geograficznych zgromadzonych w rejestrze, ich edycję i aktualizację. Wykorzystywanie wspólnych, łatwo dostępnych, identyfikatorów obiektów w bazach danych WBDT z jednej strony zmniejszy pracochłonność ich tworzenia, z drugiej - ułatwi ich integrację. Próby przeprowadzone w czasie wykonywana VMap L2+ i TBD, na zlecenie GUGiK i urzędów marszałkowskich biorących udział w projekcie, dowiodły, że stosowanie identyfikatorów z bazy PRNG nie podnosi kosztów wykonania, a uzyskane korzyści są oczywiste. Wielorozdzielcza baza danych topograficznych i tematycznych integruje dane potrzebne do prowadzenia i planowania różnego rodzaju zadań na podstawie georeferencyjnych rejestrów państwowych. Harmonizacja zbiorów georeferencyjnych poprawi efektywności wykonywania zadań, w szczególności w zakresie planowania przestrzennego, planowania gospodarczego, realizacji inwestycji budowlanych, badań i analiz statystycznych, zarządzania kryzysowego, wyeliminuje gromadzenie tych samych danych przez różne organy administracji itd. Bardzo ważnym efektem, nawet tylko częściowej harmonizacji zbiorów danych w rejestrach państwowych jest ułatwienie przepływu i wymiany informacji między różnymi organami administracji państwowej i samorządowej.

EN

In Poland, many spatial databases have been recently created. All official, both reference (topographic) and thematic databases should be the basis for analysis performed for the needs of the central, local government administration and state institutions. Exchange of data between particular registers not necessarily always concerns geometry; sometimes integration of attribute data, related to explicitly identifiable reference objects may be sufficient. Unfortunately, in the process of creation of particular registers and spatial databases, such rapid development of the geo-information sector has not been expected. This resulted in the problems concerning integration of data, which originated from various sources. Due to the lack of a uniform and complete topographic database in Poland, geographic information is stored independently by various bodies, institutions and organisations which use different standards and software. The paper characterises some existing state spatial databases stored by various institutions. The methodology to harmonise them has also been proposed. New digital maps of forest districts were developed in 2007, what allowed to include, at the highly advanced level, digital maps in the activities performed by the basic unit of the State Forests, i.e. a forest district. At present, about 85% of the State Forests apply the digital map compliant with obligatory standards. Besides, permanent updating of maps in forest districts, applying those maps, is also an important issue. The paper specifies settlements concerning analysis of data stored in the State Forests, which may be used for supplying reference databases, such as forest, crops, thicket etc. Similar analyses were also performed for data concerning the Baltic offshore zone. Based on comparison of the area of the entire country and the length of the coastline of the Baltic Sea adjoining Poland, together with inland waters, it has been noticed that this is the area which should not be neglected in the topographic database for Poland. The National Hydrographical Offices are responsible for supplying reliable and updated information about those areas and for systematic updating of those data. Data supplied together with the object class standards as well as their attributes allow for describing the majority of real objects, which should be placed on marine charts. The paper contains a proposal of widening the basic reference database by marine hydrographical objects, as well as proposals concerning methods of visualisation of such information. Other spatial databases, which have been reviewed by the authors with respect to possibilities of their harmonisation with the reference database, are: the Register of Lands and Buildings, the Land Parcels Identification System (LPIS) and database maintained by the Polish State Railways.

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Integracja baz danych tematycznych i referencyjnych w ramach tworzenia infrastruktury informacji przestrzennej w Polsce

Olszewski R., Graf R., Macias A., Kołodziej A., Berus T.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2010

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T. 8, z. 1

87-98

EN

Implementation of the draft Spatial Information Infrastructure Act requires development of several administrative regulations. One of them is the regulation of the Council of Ministers on "the issue of methods and modes of gathering, updating and distribution of thematic databases - SOZO and HYDRO, development of standard cartographic works, based on those data as well as on the rules of co-operation and on competencies of entities responsible for its creation and updating within the transposition of the INSPIRE Directive to the Polish legal conditions". The group responsible for implementation of that task, nominated by the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography (GUGiK), has also prepared technical standards for creation of hydrographical and sozological maps. Performed works included: a) Analysis of obligatory GIS-3/GIS-4 Technical Guidelines with respect to updating definitions of individual thematic objects. This stage of works mainly included elaboration of new, as well as increasing the level of details of object definitions, in connection with obligatory regulations and standards, in particular the Water Framework Directive and the Floods Directive. Definitions of individual objects were also updated, and the catalogue of elaborated objects was also enlarged. The analysis of obligatory legal acts and environmental criteria points to the necessity to update the thematic content of the hydrographical database, with special respect to: -. new monitoring system, classification of the quality and ecological conditions of water, - water protection system, water intakes and inland water reservoirs, - threats connected with extreme events (such as floods), - hazards related to inflows of pollutants into waters. b) Development of rules of updating thematic map components. The scope of works included the attempt to specify time frames when updating the components of both maps should be performed. Updating of SOZO and HYDRO databases is considered as a set of works and organisationaland- technical activities aimed at achieving consistency of the data resources with the reality. It is assumed that sozological and hydrographical data will be acquired for the entire country not later than by the year 2015. c) Development of a conceptual model of thematic data. At present, topographic data stored in the digital form in reference VMapL2 first edition databases have been used for supplying thematic map structures. A modification of assumptions of creation of thematic maps also refers to that aspect - it is proposed that reference databases of new edition become the basic source of supplying thematic maps. It is also assumed that an orthophotomap and a digital terrain model will become the basic components used in the process of creation of thematic maps of the new edition. This will allow to increase the accuracy of acquisition of particular classes of objects (DTM - location of watersheds, hydro-isobates, location of outflow-less basins etc., orthophotomap - location of hydrotechnical structures, ranges of water reservoirs etc.); both components may be also used for implementation of complex spatial analyses. However, the most important element of that idea is the achievement of coherence with the basic reference data required at the same time. Interoperability of both thematic databases requires the utilisation of works gathered by other state institutions, such as the Voivodeship Environmental Protection Inspectorate, the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, the Polish Geological Institute, the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, the Regional Water Management Board, the Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations, the State Forests etc. In the course of creation of updated concept of both thematic databases, the structures of SOZO/ HYDRO databases were also reorganised; numerous substantial as well as technological modifications were introduced in both databases. Among others, selected classes of objects, which had been considered separately, were combined in order to increase the transparency and coherence of the entire model, dictionaries of data, related to selected attributes were developed, a unified system of identification of every object introduced to the database was developed, presence of an attribute, which allows for storing the source object identifiers, originating from the reference database structures (such as Topographic Databases) were assumed. This will allow for harmonisation and exchange of information between the databases in the future.

3

The sozological and hygrographic maps of Poland as a basis for the analysis of environmental changes in mining areas

Fagiewicz K.

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2010

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No. 4

58-68

EN

In the forthcoming decades large resources of lignite are going to play a role of energy security stabiliser in Poland. This proves the significance of the problems of mining areas in geographical space and entails an increased demand for data on their structure and functioning. This paper shows the informative potential of the sozological and hydrographic database and the numerical Sozological and Hydrographical Maps of Poland, scale 1:50,000, which were created based on the data. The maps are a designed, implemented and functioning system of spatial information, fulfilling all tasks of GIS. The paper proposes a method of adapting and developing the system to a degree of detail which permits to employ it in comprehensive geoenvironmental and landscape studies in the mining and post-mining areas of the Middle Odra Region. The properly structured information system is a unique tool for diagnosing changes in the natural environment of mining areas in the aspects of quantifying, systematising and forecasting and constitutes an auxiliary element in making spatial planning decisions.

PL

W nadchodzących dziesięcioleciach znaczne zasoby własne węgla brunatnego stanowić będą rolę stabilizatora bezpieczeństwa energetycznego naszego kraju. Fakt ten świadczy o znaczeniu problematyki obszarów górniczych w przestrzeni geograficznej oraz wiąże się ze wzrostem zapotrzebowaniu na dane dotyczące ich struktury i funkcjonowania. W opracowaniu zwrócono uwagę na potencjał informacyjny bazy danych sozologicznych i hydrograficznych oraz utworzonej na ich podstawie numerycznej Mapy sozologicznej i Mapy hydrograficznej Polski w skali 1:50000. Stanowią one opracowany, wdrożony i funkcjonujący system informacji przestrzennej, realizujący wszystkie zadania GIS. Zaproponowano adaptacje i rozwinięcie tego systemu do poziomu szczegółowości umożliwiającego jego aplikację w kompleksowych studiach geośrodowiskowych i krajobrazowych na terenach górniczych i pogórniczych Środkowego Nadodrza. Odpowiednio ukształtowana struktura systemu informacji stanowi unikatowe narzędzie diagnozowania zmian środowiska przyrodniczego obszarów górniczych w aspekcie ilościowym, systematyzującym i prognostycznym oraz element wspomagający podejmowanie decyzji w zakresie planowania przestrzennego.

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Koncepcja harmonizacji baz danych tematycznych SOZO i HYDRO z referencyjną bazą VMap L2 drugiej edycji

Berus T., Kołodziej A., Olszewski R.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2007

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T. 5, z. 2

29-38

EN

Creation of spatial data infrastructure (SDI) in Poland requires the state reference systems to be used as the source of topographic data for development of thematic products. Therefore, the VMap L2 database, updated usig the orthophotomap, should be assumed as the source of topographic database for development of all medium-scale thematic works currently performed in Poland. The second edition of VMap L2 database is developed for the area of several dozens of the topographic map sheets at the scale of 1: 50 000; according to plans, within a few years it is to be completed for the entire country. This database will become the basic source of topographic, reference data for other works. Considering the development of a coherent concept of spatial data infrastructure in Poland, the authors propose to modify the conceptual structure of digital hydrographic and sozological maps, with respect to utilisation of the VMap L2 topographic database of the new edition as reference materials. This solution will allow to utilise updated and reliable topographic data on the sozological and hydrographic maps, as well as to simplify the process of integration of .SOZO. and .HYDRO. databases with other thematic databases, developed on the background of the new edition of VMap L2.

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Koncepcja harmonizacji baz danych tematycznych GUGiK i PIG w oparciu o jednorodny system danych referencyjnych

Sikorska-Maykowska M., Olszewski R.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2005

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T. 3, z. 1

139-145

EN

The paper deals with problems occurring during the integration of spatial data on geoenvironmental information stored in various thematic databases and map series based on them. The content and data processing technology used for creating the sozological database at the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography (GUGiK) and the geoenvironmental database at the Polish Geological Institute (PIG) are analyzed, with main focus on their content compatibility and possibilities of integrating the geoinformation from both sources enabling their simultaneous use in spatial analyses. The main advantage of these resources, meant not only as analog maps, but principally as spatial databases, is their applicability for complex analyses employing GIS-based tools. From the end-user point of view, an important feature is thus the ability to integrate spatial data originating from various external sources. Using different basic sets of topographic data, or different vectorisation techniques of analog maps results in different modeling of the same topographic objects (e.g., rivers) into geometric objects in spatial databases of GUGiK, PIG and IMiGW (Institute of Meteorology and Water Management). Direct integration of these data is practically impossible. This problem would be solved by creating a coherent nationwide reference database and using it as the common topographic data source. Besides, at least partial harmonization of conceptual models of the thematic databases would allow to implement an interoperational system allowing joint analysis of the data. The concept of creating the spatial database infrastructure in Poland assumes creating several spatial databases containing basic(topographic or general geographic) reference data that would serve as a common geometric basis for the secondary thematic studies. At present, the Polish National System of Geographic Information (Krajowy System Informacji Geograficznej; KSIG) includes, among others.: General Geographic Databases (Ogólnogeograficzna Baza Danych) . with geometric accuracy as in analog maps in 1: 250,000 scale or less), VMap Level 2 database -with geometric accuracy as in analog maps in 1: 50,000 scale, Topographic Data Base (Baza Danych Topograficznych) . with geometric accuracy as in analog maps in 1: 10,000 scale. Creating a rational concept of SDI in Poland requires not only developing reliable reference databases, but also harmonization of the thematic databases managed by different institutions. Obviously, the state reference system should be the topographic data source for thematic studies. Thus, all presently developed Polish thematic projects of this kind should use as their topographic data source the Map L2 database (currently being updated using ortophotomaps), and later the so-called Topographic Data Base Level Two.