The paper follows the first author’s continuous work on chemistry textbook analysis. In the previous paper published in CERP, attention was given to the procedure and results for analysing text-difficulty in lower-secondary chemistry textbooks in Czechia. In this paper, attention was given to non-chemical vocational school chemistry textbooks. They are intended for the most numerous group of upper-secondary students. The goal of the study was to assess the to what extent could students read the textbook texts on their own with appropriate understanding. Therefore, only the textual component was evaluated. The same method (Nestler-Prucha-Pluskal) as in the previous paper was used to analyse the textbooks’ text-difficulty (readability). The results show there are two books which are suitable for students’ own learning. However, there are four textbooks which contain text of high difficulty, including too many scientific terms that they are suitable as teacher’s guide through terms rather than student’s textbooks. The analysis may serve teachers with their textbook choice as well as researchers who operate in the same field who can easily adopt the methodology and compare results.
One of the main purposes of textbooks is the mediation of educational content to students. The factual accuracy of information, as well as the clarity of the text for students plays a crucial role in this aspect. The inadequate text difficulty can complicate students' learning. Comparing different approaches to the text in textbooks, considering the objectives of education, represents key knowledge for teaching materials innovation. This research was therefore focused on the comparison of the Slovak and Canadian science textbooks for lower secondary education. The methodology for assessing text difficulty according to Nestler, Prucha and Pluskal was used for this purpose. The samples of text from the textbooks for 6th and 8th grade of lower-secondary school were assessed. It was found that the text in Slovak textbooks is significantly more difficult. While from the syntactic difficulty point of view differences were rather partial, the significant differences were found in the semantic difficulty of the text. The Slovak textbooks are burdened with an excessive number of professional terms. Considering the results in measuring scientific literacy, this approach to the text in the Slovak textbooks is not effective. The results obtained are therefore an incentive to revise used educational materials.
Model of Humboldt’s university was an attempt to make a compromise between theory and practice. What is c rucial about education at such university i s the scheme based on medieval principle of three levels: master, assistant and a student. Assumptions of a principle “unity of research and education” at the same time refer to the way of underlining the essential aim of education which is discovering the truth. This discovery may be done through scientific research as well as educating students both through theory and empiricism. It is therefore justified that a process of educating and research, and a content of publications will require a specific model where the truth of scientific theories will be verified by experiments. P ublication gives a proposal of a creative and practical implementation of diagrams into students’ achievements and teachers’ research into a process of lear n ing design.
PL
Model humboldtowskiego uniwersytetu był swoistą próbą kompromisu między teorią i praktyką. Charakterystyczna na takiej uczelni edukacja, oparta jest na schemacie przyjętym ze średniowiecznych cechów, a zatem obejmowała następujące poziomy: mistrz, asystent, uczeń. Założenia dotyczące zasady „jedności badań i kształcenia” związane są z kolei ze sposobem percypowania podstawowego celu nauki, jakim jest odkrywanie prawdy. Proces nauczania, przebieg badań i treści publikacji wymagać więc będą powstawania specyficznego dla takich uczelni, modelu opartego na sprawdzeniu prawdziwości teorii naukowych poprzez eksperyment. Artykuł jest propozycją twórczego i praktycznego zastosowania „diagramów” do opisu dorobku studentów i nauczycieli akademickich w badaniach procesu nauki projektowania.
Jednym z problemów związanych z przetwarzaniem tekstów jest problem wyszukiwania wzorca w tekście, którego celem jest wyznaczenie wszystkich wystąpień w zadanym tekście innego tekstu, zwanego wzorcem. W niniejszej pracy dokonano analizy porównawczej istniejących algorytmów wyszukiwania wzorca w tekście, przy czym kryterium porównawczym jest czas wyszukiwania wzorca. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań zamieszczono w pracy.
EN
One of the text processing problems is the pattern matching problem. The goal of the problem is to find all places where one text or string, called pattern, is found within the given text. In this paper, a comparative analysis of existing string matching algorithms is presented, and the comparison criterion is the time of searching the pattern in the text. The results of the tests are also presented.
Artykuł prezentuje autorski projekt systemu elementów budowlanych do konstrukcji różnorodnych obiektów tymczasowych w przestrzeni miasta, skupiając się głównie na teoretycznych rozważaniach, jakie legły u podstaw projektu: badaniu problemów, genezy i potencjału nurtu fałdowania-foldingu w ciągu ostatnich 20 lat oraz jego związków z pewnymi kwestiami badanymi przez teorię architektury, w szczególności działaniem architektury i jej recepcją.
EN
The following article presents the author's design of the system of constructional elements allowing the construction of different temporary objects in the space of the city and focuses on theoretical assessment and evaluation of certain theoretical problems which were crucial for the design process: folding movement inspired by Gilles Deleuze, architecture's influence of users' behavior, as well as its reception.
Artykuł skrótowo prezentuje problemy, genezę i potencjał nurtu fałdowania (foldingu) na polu teorii, jak i praktyki architektonicznej w ciągu ostatnich 20 lat oraz jego związków z pewnymi kwestiami badanymi przez teorię architektury, w szczególności problemem działania architektury i jej recepcją.
EN
The following article presents theoretical assessment and evaluation of certain theoretical problems regarding folding movement inspired by Gilles Deleuze, as well as its connections with the notion of architecture's influence of users' behavior, and its reception.
Cognitive models of web navigation have been used for evaluating websites and predicting user navigation behavior. Currently they predict the correct hyperlink by using information from the hyperlink text alone and ignore all other textual information on a webpage. The validity of this assumption is examined by investigating the role of non-hyperlink text on user navigation behavior. In the first experiment, we created two versions of a website by removing the non-hyperlink text from it. We found that there was no significant effect of non-hyperlink text on the user navigation behavior. Participants were equally accurate, selected the same set of pages to visit and spent the same amount of time on that common set with or without non-hyperlink text. This result validates the assumptions of those models of user-navigation behavior that consider information from the hyperlink text only. However, in a followup experiment, we included high-relevance and low-relevance pictures on the website, and repeated the experiment with and without non-hyperlink text. We found that participants were more accurate in the presence of non-hyperlink text than without it. This result suggests that the presence of pictures might prime the users to pay attention to non-hyperlink text, which increases the task accuracy.
Identyfikacja wizualna architektury to w głównej mierze kwestia języka, w tym przede wszystkim języka niewerbalnego, języka form wizualnych - tekstu i sposobów jego użytkowania. Ikony współczesnej architektury to raczej struktury wizualne - komunikaty -identyfikujące kompleksy przestrzeni, konteksty przestrzenne, obszary, w mniejszym stopniu pojedyncze obiekty. Ikony współczesnej architektury to metafory wizualne, formy tekstu identyfikującego nowe sensy przestrzeni, nowe znaczenia tych obszarów oraz nowe postawy filozoficzne ich autorów.
EN
Visual identity of architecture it is a mainly a matters of language - at that case over all unverbal language - languge of visual forms - visual text and ways of using it. The icons of contemporary architecture are rather visual structure communicates identifying complex of space , contexts of space, area, less then single object. The icons of contemporary architecture are the forms of visual methafor, forms of text identifying new senses of space, new meanings ofthat area and new philosophical attitude of their authors.
Lingwistyka komputerowa dąży do wytworzenia coraz lepszych algorytmów ekstrakcji informacji z tekstu. Bardzo obszernym źródłem tekstu jest obecnie Internet. Jest on jednak przeładowany informacjami nie skojarzonymi ze sobą tematycznie, a pojawiającymi się w jednym kontekście (np. na jednej stronie WWW). Powoduje to duże trudności w użyciu tych tekstów jako korpusów tekstu do przetwarzania lingwistycznego (szczególnie dla metod statystycznych). Celem stworzenia prezentowanych algorytmów była próba ekstrahowania tekstów spójnych tematycznie ze stron WWW, tak by teksty te mogły stanowić dobry korpus dla prac nad ekstrakcją informacji.
EN
Computer Linguistic is aimed to develop and improve text information extraction methods. Internet becomes a very extensive source of text, yet it is overloaded by thematically incoherent texts grouped by one presentation context (e.g. WWW page). This fact determines difficulties with usage of such texts as text corpuses for NLP processing (especially statistics based algorithms). Presented work is aimed to develop methods of extraction coherent texts from Web pages, that can improve quality of information extraction.
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Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
The article presents a method of a semantic analysis of the textual descriptions which appear in the beginning of computer system design and its use for assisting business modelling, which makes this process more effective, helps to keep more strict correspondence between the text and the business model created on its basis and identifies ambiguities and inconsistencies in the text. The meaning of a text is considered as knowledge about a fragment of the world described in it. Specification of meaning uses the technique of metamodelling for a strict description of the structure of this knowledge in a form of an ontology. The implementation issues and a small example are also presented.
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