Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Analiza termiczna wybranych inicjujących materiałów wybuchowych

Pniewski Wawrzyniec, Mazur Izabela, Borkowski Jacek

Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia

|

2023

|

R. 52, z. 166

7--29

PL

W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe informacje o wybranych inicjujących materiałach wybuchowych, powszechnie stosowanych w środkach bojowych. Szczególną uwagę skupiono na właściwościach termicznych takich związków jak piorunian rtęci, tetrazen, azydek ołowiu, trójnitrorezorcynian ołowiu (TNRPb). Znajomość właściwości termicznych ww. inicjujących materiałów wybuchowych, pozwala na ich bezpieczne zastosowanie. Właściwości termiczne zostały zbadane z zastosowaniem technik DSC (różnicowa kalorymetria skaningowa) i TGA (analiza termograwimetryczna). Otrzymane wyniki potwierdzają, iż analiza termiczna (DSC i TGA) jest szybką i bezpieczną metodą pozwalającą badać właściwości termiczne inicjujących materiałów wybuchowych, jak i pozostałych materiałów wysokoenergetycznych.

EN

The article presents basic information about selected primary explosives commonly used in warfare agents. Special attention was focused on the thermal properties of such compounds as mercury fulminate, tetrazene, lead azide, lead trinitroresorcinate. Knowledge of the thermal properties of the above-mentioned primary explosives, allows their safe use. Thermal properties have been studied by using DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) techniques. The results obtained confirm that thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) is a fast and safe method to study the thermal properties of primary explosives as well as other high-energy materials.

2

Optimization of the Synthesis Parameters and Analysis of the Impact Sensitivity for Tetrazene Explosive

Li Jin-Shuh, Chang Chun-Chieh, Lu Kai-Tai

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

|

2020

|

Vol. 17, no. 1

5--19

EN

Tetrazene [1-(5-tetrazolyl)-4-guanyltetrazene hydrate] is widely used in ordnance systems as a sensitizer of primer compositions, for use in both percussion and stab applications. It can be synthesized by reacting aminoguanidinium bicarbonate (AGB) with sodium nitrite (NaNO2) in the presence of acetic acid. However, little is known about its optimal synthesis parameters in the manufacturing process. In this study, Taguchi's experimental design method was used to further improve the yield of tetrazene. Under the condition that the molar ratio of AGB to NaNO2 was fixed at 1.0:1.2, a L9(33) orthogonal array with three control factors and three levels for each control factor was used to design nine experimental conditions. The experimental data were transformed into a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio to analyze and evaluate the experimental conditions of the optimal parameter combination for the maximum yield of tetrazene. Verification of the results indicated that the optimal synthesis parameters were as follows: pH value of AGB solution was 5.0, reaction temperature was 35 °C and reaction time was 6 h; the maximum yield of tetrazene could reach 83.7%. Furthermore, the synthesized tetrazene was identified and characterized by elemental analysis (EA), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical microscopy (OM),particle size distribution analysis (PSDA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and its impact sensitivity was determined using a BAM Fallhammer apparatus and the Bruceton analysis method.

3

MTX-1 – A Potential Replacement for Tetrazene in Primers

Fronabarger J. W., Williams M. D., Stern A. G., Parrish D. A.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

|

2016

|

Vol. 13, no. 1

33--52

EN

Tetrazene (1-amino-1(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-azo-guanidine hydrate) is widely used in ordnance systems as a sensitizer of primer mixes for use in both percussion and stab applications. It has low thermal and hydrolytic stability compared with other components of primer mixes and there currently exists the need for a replacement with enhanced stability characteristics. MTX-1 (1-[(2E)- 3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)triaz-2-en-1-ylidene]methanediamine) meets these criteria and shows great promise as a tetrazene replacement. Preliminary testing of this material has confirmed that MTX-1 has safety and performance properties which are similar to tetrazene and has chemical characteristics, including thermal and hydrolytic stability, which exceed those of tetrazene. MTX-1 has been successfully evaluated against tetrazene in a variety of chemical/output tests, including comparative testing in the PVU-12 primer.