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Analysis of hybrid woven fabrics with Shape Memory Alloys wires embedded

Vasile S., Grabowska K. E., Ciesielska-Wróbel I. L., Githaiga J.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

2010

Vol. 18, no. 1 (78)

64--69

Until recently, Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) were predominantly developed for applications in the biomedical and engineering industry, and only a limited number of applications in textiles are known. Fabrics made of natural fibres (e.g. cotton, flax and their mixtures) present many advantages, such as wearing comfort, but they are subject to creasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of compensating for this disadvantage by using SMAs to create aesthetic low crease flax/cotton fabrics. Body Temperature SMAs (BT SMA) that regain their (straight) form when they are subject to human body temperature were used for this purpose. Clothing and bed sheeting are potential applications of these hybrid structures, which become wrinkle-free when they are exposed to the heat of the body, a hair dryer or that generated by an electrical current. The materials selected to achieve this purpose were the following: (1) textile yarns (e.g. single cotton or flax/cotton yarns, two-fold flax yarns and two types of loop fancy yarns) and (2) BT SMA wires of 300 um diameter. A power weaving loom and a hand-weaving shuttle loom were used to embed the SMA wires, and four types of hybrid fabrics were produced. The thickness, wrinkle recovery, dimensional stability as well as the cohesion of the SMA wires in the woven fabric were tested. All the tests were performed before and after a washing cycle for both the hybrid and reference fabrics. An increase in thickness was noticed after washing, and the recovery time after crushing varied according to the type of fabric. The slippage of SMA wires from the fabrics was noticed for all the samples, which was dependent on the type of yarns used, their linear density and the weaving process.

Jak dotychczas materiały z pamięcią kształtu były rzadko stosowane w wyrobach włókienniczych. Celem pracy było zbadanie uzyskania możliwości likwidacji zgniecenia tkaniny po ogrzaniu jej przez ciało ludzkie lub np. suszarkę do włosów. W celu uzyskania tego efektu wyprodukowano tkaniny do których wprowadzono druty ze stopu charakteryzującego się pamięcią kształtu (SMA). Zastosowano następujące materiały: przędze tekstylne - pojedyncze przędze bawełniane lub z mieszanek bawełny z lnem, podwójne przędze oraz przędze fantazyjne. W tkaniny wprowadzono druty SMA o średnicy 300 um. 4 rodzaje tkanin hybrydowych wykonano za pomocą krosien ręcznych i mechanicznych. Badano grubość tkaniny, odprężność zgniecenia, stabilność wymiaru jak również spójność drutów z tkaniny. Wszystkie testy przeprowadzono przed i po praniu tkanin. Stwierdzono wzrost grubości po praniu a czas odprężenia zależny był od rodzaju tkaniny. Stwierdzono również wyślizgiwanie się drutów z tkaniny we wszystkich badanych próbkach, zależne od masy liniowej przędzy, grubości tkaniny i procesu tkania.

Conditions of materials choice in manufacturing of pressure originated details

Muiznieks G., Gerins E.

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

2008

Vol. 2, no. 4

75-80

Materials are evolving today faster than at any time in history. In nowadays developing a technique and technology considerably enlarge the exposure of the applicable materials, new materials are created still with much better mechanical and technological properties. Their development and prevalence quickly increase. Today wide use such materials that still recently call by future materials. In the several responsible engineering industry, as well as instrument engineering and other industries do better with “high – performance” composites, new engineering ceramics, high – strength polymers etc., what had previously been done with metals. Choosing of materials is very important in several engineering industries, construction and instrument engineering industries, for example, crash of bench constructions is one of the reasons that the engineer who designed them used wrong materials or did not understand the properties of those used. Therefore for rational utilization materials, we need to know not only their properties, but also need understand factors, witch provides this properties. Therefore we should know how to select materials which best fit the demands of the design – economic and aesthetic demands, as well as demands of strength and durability. Choice of materials of pressure originated details, as also many manufacturing of other important details, which is one of the most actual problems in nowadays. First of all this article shows advantages and disadvantages of the conditions of materials choice of pressure originated details in. The most rational conditions of materials choice, way how to eliminate possibility mistakes, witch can lead down to different difficulties are given for the manufacturing of the definite group of details. There is an example witch describes conditions of materials choice for oil flooded screw compressors. The denotations of different standards of the utilized materials are analyzed in this article. As well as the economic parameters of the various materials in the manufacturing of the oil flooded screw compressors are analyzed. At the end of the article are given possibilities of the improving of materials. We can achieve improving of materials with different materials processing methods, which I had analyzed, for example, using mechanical, thermal, thermal-chemical processing or using different surfaces covering. In nowadays thermal processing method based on metal physic, dislocation theory and changes of metal structure regularity. These processing methods improve physical and mechanical properties of materials.