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1 Kwartalnik Elektroniki i Telekomunikacji

1 2003

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Sprzętowy generator liczb losowych do zastosowań kryptograficznych

Ziembicki M., Marzec J.

Kwartalnik Elektroniki i Telekomunikacji

2003

Vol. 49, z. 4

503-514

Jednym z kluczowych zagadnień kryptografii jest generowanie liczb losowych. Z tego względu, aby zapewnić możliwie wysokie bezpieczeństwo danego systemu kryptograficznego zalecane jest wykorzystanie generatora sprzętowego. Prezentowane rozwiązanie do generowania liczb losowych wykorzystuje rozpad izotopu promieniotwórczego. Omówione zostały metody testowania ciągów liczb losowych, przedstwiono również wyniki testów zrealizowanego urządzenia.

One of the key aspects of cryptography is generation of random numbers. Therefore, in order to assure high security of a cryptographic system, it is recommended to use hardware random number generator. Majority of currently available hardware solutions produce random numbers based on either noise of electronic elements or radioactive decay. Device presented in this paper is based on radioactive decay. It utilizes low - activity closed radiation sources used in commonly available smoke detectors and, due to that fact, it can be used outside of isotope laboratory. Another advantage of using such sources is cost reduction, since smoke detectors are produced on a large scale. The A [alfa] particles produced by radiation sources are detected by silicon detectors. The only role of the detector is to register a particle, so such parameters as for example spectral resolution became less important and further reduction in cost was possible. The control logic has been implemented in programmable array (Altera FLEX 10 K), which allowed for easy modifications of structure and enhancements of functionality. Accompanyig software exposes device through COM interfaces, which allows easy integration with custom applications, running both locally and through local area network. It also creates memory buffer of recorded random numbers, significantly decreasing time necessary to obtain small quantities of random numbers. The issue of testing randomness is also discussed. Numbers obtained from the built device have been throughly tested for uniform distribution and correlation between consecutive samples. Recorded random number sequences were also submitted to DIEHARD tests. Test results proved necessity of using correction algorithms, since minor correlations have been observed in uncorrected sequences.