Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Heimevernet : the Pillar of Norway’s Defence Policy

Marek Adam

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej

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2019

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nr 3(116)

103--118

EN

The aim of this article is to analyse the organisation and functioning of Norwegian territorial defence (nor. Heimevernet) by showing its specificity and place in the national security system. The content of this study was intended to bring the reader closer to information on the functioning of this type of formation and answer the question posed during the research, that is, how does the territorial defence system work, which is connected to the entire defence system of the state in the military layer, i.e.: the organisational structure of the formation, the role of the formation in the national defence strategy, the organisation of the recruitment system and the training of candidates for service, as well as the civil level through the close cooperation of individual elements of the territorial organisation of military administration, Heimevernet territorial units with local government bodies at all levels in the Nordic strategic culture, and whether the conclusions of the study would provide a benchmark in the implementation of some solutions to the Polish concept of building a territorial defence system. This scientific article has been prepared on the basis of the available local literature on the Norwegian defence system, and on the basis of the research material collected in preparing the thesis.

2

Rearanżacja przestrzeni osiedla przez lokatorów społecznego budownictwa czynszowego

Kiepas-Kokot Anna, Żądłowska Angelika

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

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2019

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nr 26

95--103

PL

Celem pracy jest ustalenie czy, a jeśli tak to w jaki sposób, najemcy społecznego budownictwa czynszowego, dopasowują przestrzeń zamieszkania do swoich potrzeb oraz czy restrykcyjny regulamin porządku domowego ogranicza jej symboliczną identyfikację. Przedmiotem badań jest dwubudynkowy zespół mieszkaniowy Szczecińskiego Towarzystwa Budownictwa Społecznego (STBS), a w nim stan zagospodarowania widocznych przestrzeni rekreacyjnych (balkonów, loggi i przedogródków) po 10 latach od zasiedlenia. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują, że budownictwo czynszowe nie jest pozbawione praktyk charakterystycznych dla prawa własności. W rekreacyjnej przestrzeni mieszkaniowej postępuje proces zmian, które manifestują prywatność i strzeżenie granic, potrzebę izolacji i osobności, sprzyjają prezentacji widocznych elementów lokali, manifestują terytorialność, budują tożsamość z miejscem oraz personalizują przestrzeń. Obserwowana lokatorska rearanżacja przestrzeni mieści się w granicach określonych zasadami regulaminu porządku domowego.

EN

The purpose of the paper is to determine whether, and if so how, the tenants of social rental construction adjust the living space to their needs and whether restrictive housekeeping regulations restrict its symbolic identification. The subject of the analysis is a two-building housing complex of the Szczecin Society of Social Housing (STBS), and in it the state of development of visible recreational spaces (balconies, loggias and frontyards) after 10 years from settlement. The research carried out indicates that the rental construction is not devoid of practices characteristic of property rights. In the recreational housing area there is a process of change that manifests privacy and border guarding, the need for isolation and separation, favors the presentation of visible elements of premises, manifest territoriality, build identity with the place and personalize space. The observed space rearrangement is within the limits defined by the rules of the housekeeping regulations.

3

Territorial Relations in Polish Housing Estates from the 1970s and 1980s

Lis A.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2015

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nr 1

4--29

EN

In this article the author presents the results of research on the impact of open spaces in Polish neighborhoods from the 70s and 80s and the territorial relations within those spaces. The aim was to study the behavior and conduct interviews with residents of selected neighborhoods of Wroclaw from this period. The units of analysis were open spaces have been assigned territorial types according to the author’s classification taking into account the territorial hierarchy and the degrees of territorial uniqueness. The test results revealed both positive and negative spatial characteristics that affect territorial relations and the conclusions describe possible solutions within these developments to improve territorial relations in the studied neighborhoods as well as recommendations relating to the management of open spaces.

PL

W artykule autorka prezentuje wyniki badań dotyczących wpływu sposobu ukształtowania przestrzeni otwartych na osiedlach polskich z lat 70. i 80. na relacje terytorialne w obrębie tych przestrzeni. Podstawą prowadzonych analiz były badania zachowań i wywiady z mieszkańcami wybranych osiedli wrocławskich z tego okresu. Jednostkami analizy były przestrzenie otwarte, dla których wyznaczono typy terytorialne określone według autorskiej klasyfikacji uwzględniającej hierarchię terytorialną i stopień jednoznaczności terytorialnej. Na podstawie analizy wyników badań określono cechy przestrzenne mające wpływ (pozytywny i negatywny) na relacje terytorialne oraz możliwe działania w obrębie zagospodarowania terenu poprawiające te relacje na badanych osiedlach. We wnioskach opisano syntetycznie główne przyczyny przestrzenne zakłóceń relacji terytorialnych na badanych osiedlach, jak i najczęściej zalecane działania odnoszące się do zagospodarowania terenów otwartych.

4

Segregation in sympatrically nesting red-winged starling Onychognathus Morio (L.) and European Starling Sturnus Vulgaris L.

Kopij G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 3

589-595

EN

If two related species come into contact, it could be expected that, in order to coexist, they will either shift their niches apart from each other or one species will replace the other in the course of ever growing competition. Recently, two starling species, the indigenous Red-winged Starling and the exotic European Starling, came into contact in some places in Lesotho (southern Africa). In this paper, some breeding parameters of these species have been compared in an area of their co-occurrence. Studies were carried out in an urbanised habitat in Lesotho, in four consecutive breeding seasons (August-March) during the years 1998-2001. The average density of the Redwinged Starling was 13.8 pairs 100 ha[^-1], while that of the European Starling was 9.3 pairs 100 ha[^-1]. The proportion of the Red-winged Starling to European Starling breeding pairs (1.0:0.7) was strikingly constant over the four consecutive breeding seasons. Most Red-winged Starling breeding territories (78%, N = 56) were located within builtup areas, while most European Starling territories were located either within built-up areas (25%) or on the border of built-up areas and open areas (59%, N =41). Most Red-winged Starling nests (96%) were situated in buildings (N = 46), while European Starling nests were located both in tree holes (43%) and in buildings (57%, N = 28). Both starling species show high nest site tenacity. The Red-winged Starling daily activity pattern during the nestling phase differed considerably from that of the European Starling. Although both starling species do not overlap their feeding niches and daily and seasonal activities, their sympatric occurrence in urbanised habitats may be limited, if suitable nesting sites are lacking.

5

Corpse carrying in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) : behavioural side effect of aggressive arousual or competitive signaling?

Czechowski W., Marko B., Godzińska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 2

341-352

EN

Some literature reports show that ants use bodies of their dead nestmates and other insect remains in conflict situations. The paper describes such phenomenon in a Formica rufa L. colony brought into conflict with a F. cinerea Mayr colony when the former tried to extend its own territory at the expense of the latter. A territorially stable F. rufa colony, neighbouring the same F. cinerea colony, served as control. Workers of the expansive F. rufa colony were repeatedly observed to carry numerous ant corpses, empty pupal cocoons and insect leftovers from their nest to the place of confrontation with F. cinerea, on a much bigger scale than workers of the stable F. rufa colony. Corpse-carrying intensity was not correlated with the general activity level of foragers which suggests that corpse carriers could be a separate task group. Workers of a small colony of F. cinerea were also observed to surround their nest entrance with corpses of their nestmates and prey remains, taken out from inside the nest, in response to intensified traffic of workers of F. rufa in the vicinity of their nest. These results are discussed in the context of a possible interrelation between ant aggressive behaviour and transport behaviour. Two hypotheses are proposed to explain the observed phenomenon: (1) explaining it as a by-product of the aggressive arousal of workers, and (2) ascribing to it a possible signalling function in conflict situations.

6

Environmental influence on maturation and dominance relationships in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) : temperature competes with photoperiod for primacy

Sokołowska E., Kulczykowska E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2009

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Vol. 38, No.4

31-48

EN

In this study, the influence of a combination of different photoperiods and temperatures on the final maturation and social interactions in three-spined sticklebacks was investigated. Water temperature appears to be the principal signal affecting gonadal development and breeding activity of sticklebacks in pre-spawning and spawning periods. Males can mature independently of photoperiod and a stimulatory effect of high temperature is not diminished by light deprivation. On the other hand, low temperature can inhibit the development of secondary sexual characters in males exposed to long day or constant light. In females, lighting seems to be more decisive for complete maturation and the lack of light delays the maturation rate, even in high temperature. While kept under the same conditions, males mature quicker than females. The presence of light and visual information are crucial to establish the social position of individuals in the group. In light, a rigid social hierarchy with one dominant, sexually active male is observed. In constant darkness, however, several males in the group demonstrate every sign of sexual activity.

7

Do Polyergus rufescens (Latr.) and Formica sanguinea (Latr.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) share resources of slave species with each other?

Czechowski Wojciech

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 1

169-173

EN

The paper discusses the directionality of slave raids of a colony of Polyergus rufescens (Latr.), an obligate European slave-making ant species, in the presence of colonies of Formica sanguinea Latr., a facultative slave-maker, in the neighbourhood. Both these social parasites use the same host species. The results strongly suggest that P. rufescens avoided raiding the area occupied by its competitor. An explanation is offered based on a demonstrated at the same time tendency of this species to avoid dangerous places.

8

Competition between Formica cinerea mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and co-occurring ant species, with special reference to Formica rufa L. : direct and indirect interferences

Czechowski W., Markó B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 4

467-489

EN

Formica cinerea Mayr is supposed to be the top dominant of ant communities in successional sandy habitats, whereas wood ant species, e.g. F. rufa L., play this role in forests. These species often co-occur in overlapping habitats. The aim of the study was to recognize competitive interrelations between them in the broad ecological aspect of relations with local subordinate species, including F. fusca L., Tetramorium caespitum (L.) and Myrmica schencki Em. Study area was a sand dune slope surrounded by pine forest at Tvńrminne, S Finland, where F. cinerea nest complexes were encircled by F. rufa colonies. Baiting experiments, preceded by 'nudum' observations were carried out. The presumption that F. rufa would influence the activity of F. cinerea was not supported by the results. No-ant zones separated the territories of these two species almost through the total length of the boundary of the F. cinerea range. The outcome of interspecific interactions within the multi-species community studied corresponded with the species competitive status generally. The results are discussed in the context of interspecific competition hierarchy in ants and succession of ant communities.

9

Water striders are prescient foragers : use of sensory information for patch assessment in food-based territoriality of Aquarius remigis (Gerridae, Heteroptera)

Jabłoński P., Ściński M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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1999

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Vol. 47, no 3

247-256

EN

We examined if water striders were able to recognize food distribution from sensory (surface vibrations and visual cues) information only (i. e. they are prescient foragers). Non-reproductive Aquarius remigis (Gerridae, Heteroptera) were stimulated to defend territories in laboratory conditions by simulating prey items falling down on the water surface so that no prey consumption was possible. In patchy prey distribution water striders were more aggressive than in random prey distribution suggesting that water striders were able to use prescient information to assess food distribution. The tests were conducted in artificial habitats differing in the maximal distance from which information about resources and competitors could be collected through surface vibrations. We showed that territory size was positively correlated with home range size of an individual but not with its aggression, and that this correlation was absent in habitats which allowed long-distance exchange of information between individuals through water surface vibrations.

10

Foraging strategies and dietary preferences of a high mountain ant. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fernandez-Escudero I., Tinaut A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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1998

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Vol. 46, no 1

23-31

EN

The ant Proformica longiseta inhabits the dry zones of the Mediterranean high mountain. A generalist feeder, this species has a predilection for liquid food, and its solid diet changes over the active period according to the prey available. It forages alone without recruitment or cooperation. The abundance of repletes varies in parallel to the quantity of food collected, representing a solution for food shortage periods. The territories surrounding the nests are not clearly defined, but rather overlap with foraging areas of several ant nests.