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PL
Przedmiotem artykułu są zadania i kompetencje Ministra Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji związane z przygotowaniami do stanu wojny i w trakcie zaistnienia tego stanu. Omówiono w nim podstawy prawne działania Ministra w tym stanie państwa, wskazując na istniejące sprzeczności i postulując niezbędne zmiany w ustawodawstwie. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na funkcjonowanie obrony cywilnej, który to system nie odpowiada aktualnym wymaganiom wobec ochrony i ratownictwa ludności. Autor postuluje zasadnicze zmiany w tym systemie, zwłaszcza w zakresie powiększenia jego zasobów materialno-technicznych i kadrowych. Także zadania i kompetencja Ministra w stanie wojny wymagają ponownego przemyślenia i dopracowania, tak, aby państwo i społeczeństwo było lepiej przygotowane do ewentualnego zagrożenia zewnętrznego. Wymaga to od teoretyków i praktyków bezpieczeństwa wspólnego namysłu nad teoria i praktyką oraz sformułowania nowych propozycji co do stanu gotowości obronnej państwa.
EN
The article is focused on goals and capacities of Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration regarding preparations to state of war and in the time of war. It discusses legal foundations of Minister's activities in that state, pinpointing the contradictions and signalling necessary changes in law. Particular attention is paid to functioning of territorial defence - where the existing system is not compatible with requirements in the field of protecting and rescuing the people. Author is suggesting critical changes in the system, especially the enlarging its equipment-, technical- and human resources. Also goals and capacities of the Minister in the time of the state of war require rethinking and elaborating to ensure that the state and the society are better prepared to eventual outer threat. It requires theoreticians and practitioners of the security system to discuss theory and practice, and also formulate new propositions regarding defence readiness of the state.
EN
Purpose: The main problem matter subject to intellectualization is the quest for an answer to the following question: How to organize the communication and information system of the territorial defence forces, taking into consideration the operational and environmental factors, so that it provides for cooperation of the forces in the framework of combined operations on the present and the future battlefield, as well as for the support of the non-military system (in emergency situations) to meet the requirements of the command bodies in accordance with the realized military and non-military mission? Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents the results of research conducted in the framework of a statutory research task assigned by the Management and Command Faculty No. II.3.21 of year 2017 concerning the determination of the role, tasks and rules pertaining to the organization of communication in the territorial defence forces, these being an important element of the defence system of Poland. Findings: The analysis of the available subject literature reveals that the structure of the TDF communication and information system does not differ from the solutions applied in the PAF as a whole. The authors believe that making use of the technique of augmented reality will support the building of situational awareness among soldiers. Originality/value: The search for the directions of change in the equipment of territorial defence forces and organizing communication and IT has shown that some ICT companies have announced that they are going to equip the territorial defence subunits with mobile applications through private donation. When this comes about, the result will allow for better training and enable a more detailed picture of the assigned task, hence, the effectiveness of the new military formation will increase.
3
EN
The aim of this article is to analyse the organisation and functioning of Norwegian territorial defence (nor. Heimevernet) by showing its specificity and place in the national security system. The content of this study was intended to bring the reader closer to information on the functioning of this type of formation and answer the question posed during the research, that is, how does the territorial defence system work, which is connected to the entire defence system of the state in the military layer, i.e.: the organisational structure of the formation, the role of the formation in the national defence strategy, the organisation of the recruitment system and the training of candidates for service, as well as the civil level through the close cooperation of individual elements of the territorial organisation of military administration, Heimevernet territorial units with local government bodies at all levels in the Nordic strategic culture, and whether the conclusions of the study would provide a benchmark in the implementation of some solutions to the Polish concept of building a territorial defence system. This scientific article has been prepared on the basis of the available local literature on the Norwegian defence system, and on the basis of the research material collected in preparing the thesis.
EN
This is a second part of the article in which the authors attempt to present the courses of action of the Territorial Defence Forces’ subunits in the conditions requiring the support of state and territorial administrations when life of residents is jeopardized as a result of catastrophes and natural disasters. This is one of the key tasks faced by the newly established Territorial Defence Forces (WOT) that is the protection of people and property within the activities unrelated to the kinetic impact of potential enemies.
EN
The authors attempt to present in the article the courses of action of the Territorial Defence Forces’ subunits in the conditions requiring the support of state and territorial administrations when life of residents is jeopardized as a result of catastrophes and natural disasters. This is one of the key tasks faced by the newly established Territorial Defence Forces (WOT) that is the protection of people and property within the activities unrelated to the kinetic impact of potential enemies.
PL
Publikacja przybliża rolę, jaką w bezpieczeństwie narodowym Stanów Zjednoczonych pełni Gwardia Narodowa. W pracy odniesiono się do tradycji historycznych, które ukształtowały współczesny charakter tej formacji, określono jej usytuowanie w systemie prawnym USA, przybliżono jej zadania oraz kwestie organizacyjno-finansowe. Gwardia Narodowa USA to powszechna organizacja wojskowa Sił Zbrojnych USA o charakterze terytorialnym. Posiada gęstą sieć jednostek lądowych i lotniczych, rozlokowanych na terytorium całego państwa. Jest ściśle związana z władzami stanowymi i lokalną administracją. To formacja przygotowana zarówno do pełnienia misji o charakterze federalnym jak i stanowym. W trakcie pełnienia misji federalnych funkcjonuje jako wyspecjalizowana formacja rezerwowa Sił Zbrojnych USA. Wspiera misje bojowe, pokojowe i humanitarne, prowadzone przez USA na całym świecie. Wykonując zadania na szczeblu stanu, wspiera władze i społeczeństwo w zakresie bezpieczeństwa powszechnego.
EN
This publication shows the role of the National Guard in the national security of the United States. In this paper reference is made to the historical tradition, which have shaped the contemporary nature of this formation, indicates its position in the U.S legal system and brought closer to its mission and organizational and financial issues. U.S. National Guard is a common territorial military organization of the Armed Forces of U.S. It has a dense network of land and air units, spread over the whole country. It is closely linked with state and local administration. It is closely linked with state and local administration. This formation is prepared to fulfill both, the mission of a federal or state. In the course of their mission, functions as a specialized federal reserve formation of the U.S. Armed Forces. Supports combat missions, peaceful and humane, run by the U.S. around the world. Carrying out the tasks at the level of state support the authorities and society in terms of public safety.
8
Content available remote Operacyjny obszar sztuki wojennej obrony terytorialnej
EN
The military system of a democratic state allows conducting territorial operational actions on a large scale - both in national and coalition operations. Hence territorial operational actions are common in these countries where defence advantages are perceived, not only armed but most of all humanitarian, particularly in Territorial Defence and non-military units joint operations. It is also the consequence of decreasing the differences between military and non-military. Security in general terms and defence within its framework become evenly the area of the state authorities responsibilities. Hence territorial joint operations within a NATO country are reasonable as a basic area of civilian – military actions. Territorial Defence is naturally in such situations a kind of link joining all operations resulting from the necessity of facing numerous peace threats. These main circumstances prove that soon there may appear not only political but also functional need to create a separate security organisation of the state basing on binding civilian – military in character law. It will comprise the functions of Territorial Defence troops and non-military security forces. This process may be fostered in the course of making the operational troops more professional, their significant decreasing and selective NATO armies specialisation in the framework of intervention actions.
EN
Including territorial defence forces into state defence system by assigning them many significant defensive tasks forces some transformations in conducting defence operations. The attitudes towards the role and importance of various combat actions carried out within operations change. Moreover, the issues concerning planning, organising and conducting the defence fight have reached a new dimension. The prognoses relating to our country's threats and their adequate doctrinal assumptions show the need of a constant analyses of the actions possibilities and methods, the land forces use and actions including. The operational forces and territorial defence forces receive adequate tasks. Both operational and territorial defence troops face appropriate tasks due to a worked out defence operation concept. The land operational forces brigade and division as the key body of defence operations is to be able to counteract effectively the enemy aggression in every direction of the threat. Conducting tasks may depend on comprehensive and solid support that the operational forces may receive using the assets of territorial defence forces efficiently.
10
EN
The article presents problems connected with the organisation, tasks and general rules of chemical defence troops functioning that appear in selective command stages structures in Polish Territorial Defence troops. The current tasks accomplished by these troops and the structure of Territorial Defence troops functioning in the Polish Armed Forces have been described in the introduction. The further part of the article deals with propositions of chemical defence troops’ structural changes in the Polish Territorial Defence troops. A particular attention has been focused on the possibility to form and select chemical defence battalions into contamination monitoring and removing into Territorial Defence structures.
11
Content available remote Realizacja zadań obrony cywilnej w samorządzie terytorialnym
EN
The article presents a present state of administrative and legal developments concerning conduction civil defence tasks by local authorities bodies. The term „civil defence” has been explained. The scope of responsibilities of the communal civil defence chief has been pointed out. The tasks of Municipal Civil Defence Inspectorate and the ways to develop them have been presented. Theoretical considerations have been illustrated with some examples from the commune of Cracow.
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