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Recognition of district wise groundwater stress zones using the GLDAS-2 catchment land surface model during lean season in the Indian state of West Bengal

Sahoo Satiprasad, Chakraborty Subha, Pham Quoc Bao, Sharif Ehsan, Sammen Saad Sh., Vojtek Matej, Vojteková Jana, Elkhrachy Ismail, Costache Romulus, Linh Nguyen Thi Thuy

Acta Geophysica

2021

Vol. 69, no. 1

175--198

Water is essential for irrigation, drinking and industrial purposes from global to the regional scale. The groundwater considered a signifcant water resource specifcally in regions where the surface water is not sufcient. Therefore, the research problem is focused on district-wise sustainable groundwater management due to urbanization. The number of impervious surface areas like roofng on built-up areas, concrete and asphalt road surface were increased due to the level of urban development. Thus, these surface areas can inhibit infltration and surface retention by the impact of urbanization because vegeta tion/forest areas are decreased. The present research examines the district-wise spatiotemporal groundwater storage (GWS) changes under terrestrial water storage using the global land data assimilation system-2 (GLDAS-2) catchment land surface model (CLSM) from 2000 to 2014 in West Bengal, India. The objective of the research is mainly focused on the delineation of groundwater stress zones (GWSZs) based on ten biophysical and hydrological factors according to the defciency of groundwater storage using the analytic hierarchy process by the GIS platform. Additionally, the spatiotemporal soil moisture (surface soil moisture, root zone soil moisture, and profle soil moisture) changes for the identifcation of water stress areas using CLSM were studied. Finally, generated results were validated by the observed groundwater level and groundwater recharge data. The sensitivity analysis has been performed for GWSZs mapping due to the defcit of groundwater storage. Three correlation coefcient methods (Kendall, Pearson and Spearman) are applied for the interrelationship between the most signifcant parameters for the generation of GWSZ from sensitivity analysis. The results show that the northeastern (max: 1097.35 mm) and the southern (max: 993.22 mm) parts have high groundwater storage due to higher amount of soil moisture and forest cover compared to other parts of the state. The results also show that the maximum and minimum total annual groundwater recharge shown in Paschim Medinipore [(361,148.51 hectare-meter (ham)] and Howrah (31,510.46 ham) from 2012 to 2013. The generated outcome can create the best sustainable groundwater management practices based upon the human attitude toward risk.

Terrestrial water storage variations and their effect on polar motion

Śliwińska Justyna, Wińska Małgorzata, Nastula Jolanta

Acta Geophysica

2019

Vol. 67, no. 1

17--39

The role of continental water in polar motion excitation can be illustrated by determining Hydrological Angular Momentum calculated from terrestrial water storage (TWS). In this paper we compare global and regional changes in TWS computed using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 climate models, Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) land hydrology models and observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. We also compare hydrological excitation functions derived from models with those obtained from the GRACE mission and the hydrological signal in observed polar motion excitation (the so-called geodetic residuals). The results confirm that GLDAS models of seasonal and non-seasonal TWS change are more consistent with GRACE data than climate models; on the other hand, none of the considered models are fully consistent with GRACE data or geodetic residuals. In turn, GRACE observations are most consistent with the non-seasonal hydrological signal in observed excitation. A detailed study of the contribution of different TWS components to the hydrological excitation function shows that soil moisture dominates.