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2 Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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Wpływ pokrywy śnieżnej na termikę i grubość warstwy czynnej zmarzliny w obszarze tundrowym rejonu Polskiej Stacji Polarnej (SW Spitsbergen)

Dolnicki P.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

2002

nr 12

107-116

This dissertation depicts the results of a research carried out from 02.09.2000 to 02.09.2001on the thermic and thickness of permafrost active layer in the area/region of Hornsund fiord on South Spitsbergen. The full collection of data gathered during the whole year of carrying outthe research allows to observe the freezing, melting and the dynamics of the process during that period of time. It was shown that there is a great connection between the temperature of the vertical profile of the active layer and the snow cover especially between thick snowdrifts behind terrain obstacles where the snow cover lies longer, even until the second decade of July. It was noticed that the defrosted ground there reaches 85 cm, whereas in the areas where the snow cover melts faster the depth of the defrosted ground reaches 140-145 cm. On the basis of the research it was shown that the influence of the snow cover on the development and thermal phenomena of the active layer is much greater than it was known before. The characteristic structure of major wind directions and the shape of area raised marine terrace, nearby the Polish Polar Station cause the formation of snowdrifts in the same places every year. It leads to a special differentiation of the freezing process of the ground. On the basis of the photographs and the teledetective data there was drawn a map of the snowdrifts arrangement for the area being under research. The thickness of the active layer under snowdrifts is smaller. Moreover, the presented results also suggest that the potential increase in snowfall, resulting in thicker layer of the snow cover , may cause changes in the development and special differentiation of the active layer in the area of longlasting permafrost.

Zróżnicowanie termiki gruntu na Równinie Kaffiöyra (NW Spitsbergen) w lecie 1997 i 1998 w porównaniu z okresem 1975-98

Araźny A.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

2001

nr 11

81-92

The paper presents the results of soil temperature measurements on the Kaffiöyra Plain from the polar summer period 1997 (Tab. 1) and 1998 (Tab. 2) compared to the period 1975-1998 (Tab. 3). The soil temperature measurements were carried out on three ecotops: on the sandy beach, on end moraine of the Aavatsmark Glacier, and on tundra (Fig. 1). The measurements were taken daily at 01, 07, 13 and 19 LMT at depths: 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 cm by soil thermometers. The thermal characteristics of soils at different ecotops differ by physical characteristics, moisture, degree of vegetation cover and thickness of active layer. The paper presents the question of thermal changes in the soil with general weather conditions. The 1997 summer was very wet, strong winds domination and mean sunshine. The 1998 summer, on the contrary, was more cloudy and warmer, and the atmosphere dynamics lower with rare light rainfall (Fig. 2, Tab. 4). The comparison of summer seasons was made for the common period 21 July - 31 August. The thermal changes of the soil on the Kaffioyra Plain are best illustrated by the data from the beach because observations at this stand were made during all of the expeditions. The mean temperature at all depth was the lowest in 1982 and 1997, the highest in 1985 and 1998 (Fig. 5). In the analysed period the measurement point on the beach was the coldest stand, tundra was warmer, and the stand on the moraine the warmest (Tab. 3, Fig. 4).