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A note on analysis of extreme minimum temperatures with the GAMLSS framework

Rydén Jesper

Acta Geophysica

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2019

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Vol. 67, no. 6

1599--1604

EN

Estimation of return levels, based on extreme value distributions, is of importance in the earth and environmental sciences. To incorporate non-stationarity in the modelling, the statistical framework of generalised additive models for location, scale and shape is an option, providing flexibility and with a wide range of distributions implemented. With a large set of selections possible, model choice is an issue. As a case study, we investigate annual minimum temperatures from measurements at a location in northern Sweden. For practical work, it turns out that care must be taken in examining the obtained distributions, not solely relying on information criteria. A simulation study illustrates the findings.

2

Foot model for tracking temperature of safety boot insoles: application to different insole materials in firefighter boots

Garcia-Hernandez C., Sanchez-Alvarez E. J., Huertas-Talon J.-L.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2016

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Vol. 22, No. 1

12--19

EN

This research is based on the development of a human foot model to study the temperature conditions of a foot bottom surface under extreme external conditions. This foot model is made by combining different manufacturing techniques to enable the simulation of bones and tissues, allowing the placement of sensors on its surface to track the temperature values of different points inside a shoe. These sensors let researchers capture valuable data during a defined period of time, making it possible to compare the features of different safety boots, socks or soles, among others. In this case, it has been applied to compare different plantar insole materials, placed into safety boots on a high-temperature surface.

3

Extremely Cold Winter Months in Europe (1951-2010)

Twardosz R., Kossowska-Cezak U., Pełech S.

Acta Geophysica

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2016

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Vol. 64, no. 6

2609--2629

EN

Investigation of extreme thermal conditions is important from the perspective of global warming. Therefore, this study has been undertaken in order to determine the frequency, timing and spatial extent of extremely cold months in winter time at 60 weather stations across Europe over a sixty-year period from 1951 to 2010. Extremely cold months (ECMs) are defined as months in which the average air temperature is lower than the corresponding multi-annual average by at least 2 standard deviations. Half of all the ECMs occurred in the years 1951-1970 (33 out of 67). The lowest number of ECMs was recorded in the decade 19912000, but since the beginning of the 21st century, their density and territorial extent has started to increase again. The extremely cold months with ECMs of the greatest spatial extent, covering at least one third of the stations (over 20 stations), included: February 1954 (22), February 1956 (36), January 1963 (25), and January 1987 (23 stations).

4

Charakterystyki wybranych zagrożeń klimatycznych we wschodniej części Pobrzeża Słowińskiego i Pojezierza Pomorskiego i ich wpływ na rolnictwo

Malinowska M., Jakusik E.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2014

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Vol. 23, No. 4

376--392

PL

Artykuł prezentuje częstość występowania oraz przebieg roczny ekstremalnych zjawisk meteorologicznych, mających wpływ na funkcjonowanie rolnictwa we wschodnich części Pobrzeża Słowińskiego i Pojezierza Pomorskiego w latach 2001–2010. Przeanalizowano średnie miesięczne ekstremalne i absolutne ekstremalne wartości temperatury powietrza i temperatury przy gruncie, liczbę dni przymrozkowych, mroźnych i gorących, liczbę dni z opadem silnym (≥ 10 mm), z pokrywą śnieżną, z wiatrem silnym i bardzo silnym (o prędkości odpowiednio ≥ 10 i ≥ 15,0 m·s–1) oraz z gradem i burzą.

EN

The paper presents the incidence and annual course of extreme weather conditions affecting the functioning of agriculture in the eastern part of Pomeranian Lake District in the years 2001–2010. The mean monthly extreme and absolute extreme temperatures and ground temperatures, the number of freeze, frost and hot days, the number of days with precipitation exceeding ≥ 10 mm, the number of days with snow, with strong and very strong winds (with wind speed exceeding 10 and 15 m·s–1), and number of days with hail and storm were analyzed.

5

Czujnik Halla na ekstremalny zakres temperatur: 2-573 K

Jankowski J., El-Ahmar S., Oszwałdowski M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Budowa Maszyn i Zarządzanie Produkcją

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2010

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Nr 14

47-52

PL

Przygotowane zostały czujniki Halla pracujące zarówno w niskotemperaturowym i wysokotemperaturowym środowisku. W ekstremalnym zakresie temperatur od 2 K do 573 K ich temperaturowe współczynniki są bardzo niskie. Oporności wejściowe/wyjściowe czujników są na poziomie 10 Ω a ich średnie temperaturowe współczynniki wynoszą około 0,03 %/K. Czułość magnetyczna jest na poziomie 3 V/AT a jej średni temperaturowy współczynnik wynosi około 0,02 %/K. Otrzymane czujniki Halla mogą przebywać w maksymalnej dopuszczalnej temperaturze pracy wynoszącej 300 C przez długi okres czasu bez znaczącego wpływu na ich własności elektryczne.

EN

Hall sensors working both in low and high temperature environments have been prepared. In the extreme temperature range from 2 K to 573 K their temperature coefficients are extremely low. The input/output resistances of the sensors are about 10 Ωand its average temperature coefficient is about 0.03 %/K. The magnetic sensitivity is about 3 V/AT and its average temperature coefficient is about 0.02 %/K. The obtained Hall sensors can stay at the maximum allowable temperature of 300 C for long periods without any meaningful changes in their electric parameters.