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1

The Role of Subaquatic Springs in the Formation of Flow, Temperature and Chemical Composition of River Water in the Reserve

Vaganov Sergey, Blinov Sergey, Belkin Pavel, Perevoshchikov Roman

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

39--48

EN

A study of the effect of subaquatic discharge of karst groundwater sources on the composition of the Vishera River, the largest tributary of the Kama River, was carried out. The study was carried out on the territory of the State Nature Reserve "Vishersky" and included the determination of the flow rate, temperature as well as chemical composition of natural waters. Six zones of karst groundwater discharge and their influence on the water regime of the Vishera river were studied in detail. It was shown that subaquatic sources in the places of their discharge, forming up to 36% of the river flow, significantly affect the temperature regime. A significant part of dissolved substances, primarily calcium ions and hydrocarbonate ions, as well as some trace elements (Li, Sr, V, Cr) enter the Vishery river with karst waters. The results of the study show that monitoring the composition and properties of groundwater discharged covertly in the river channel is an important part of the monitoring of water bodies of both protected and developed areas.

2

Effect of solar radiation on power losses and capacity of insulated and non-insulated wires of overhead power LINES

Girshin Stanislav S., Sorokin Igor A., Smerdin Aleksandr N., Bigun Aleksandr AY., Petrova Elena V., Trotsenko Vladislav M., Goryunov Vladimir N., Smorodin George S.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2020

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R. 96, nr 6

59--63

EN

The influence of solar radiation on the temperature regimes of power lines implemented with classical and new types of wires is considered. The maximum permissible temperatures limit the capacity of the lines, and the current temperature regime affects the loss of power and energy due to changes in the ohmic resistance. The paper presents the heat balance equations for insulated and non-insulated wires, formulas for calculating the heat transfer coef-ficient and solar radiation intensity, and an expression for the permissible current. Typical values of direct and diffused radiation are compared, provided that the wire is perpendicular to the sunlight. It is shown that solar radiation leads to an increase in the temperature of the wires by 5 and up to 7 degrees Celsius with a weak dependence on the type of wires and current load. The corresponding increase in real-power losses does not exceed 3%. The results obtained with the proposed technique for non-isolated wires show good convergence with previous studies. One of the advantages of the developed method is its versatility, which is manifested in the possibility of its application not only for non-insulated wires, but also for wires with insulation.

PL

Analizowany jest wpływ promieniowania słonecznego na warunki temperaturowe linii energetycznych z klasycznymi i nowymi typami drutów. Maksymalne dopuszczalne temperatury ograniczają możliwości linii, a warunki temperaturowe wpływa na utratę mocy i energii z powodu zmian rezystancji. W pracy przedstawiono równania bilansu cieplnego dla drutów izolowanych i nieizolowanych, wzory do obliczania współczynnika przenikania ciepła i natężenia promieniowania słonecznego oraz wyrażenie na dopuszczalny prąd. Porównywane są typowe wartości promieniowania bezpośredniego i rozproszonego, pod warunkiem, że drut jest prostopadły do światła słonecznego.

3

Analysis of the use of heating film in the heat supply of industrial premises

Shepitchak Volodymyr, Zhelyh Vasyl

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2020

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Vol. 9 Nr 2

121--126

EN

The situation in the country and around the world needs new, better energy resources and ways to use them to save energy, and with it, the economic, ecological and social position of any state. Energy saving is a necessary issue for improving economic performance by reducing energy consumption while maintaining comfortable conditions. Large industrial buildings are a significant consumer of thermal energy. An effective approach is needed for the design of heating systems, taking into account the possible modes of their operation to ensure the rational use of energy resources.

4

Energy-efficient use of infrared heaters in production rooms

Fialko Natalia, Zhelyh Vasyl, Shepitchak Volodymyr, Shapoval Stepan, Pashkevych Volodymyr

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2019

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Vol. 8 Nr 1

85--94

EN

Podczas kształtowania warunków mikroklimatu w hali produkcyjnej dużą uwagę przywiązuje się do stosowania wysoce wydajnych, energooszczędnych i ekonomicznych systemów. Zarówno na Ukrainie, jak i na świecie bada się różne aspekty zastosowania systemów grzewczych na podczerwień do ogrzewania pomieszczeń produkcyjnych. W artykule omówiono eksperymentalne badania dotyczące wyznaczania temperatury napromieniowanych powierzchni i gęstości strumienia energii promieniowania w zależności od trybu pracy, mocy i wysokości zainstalowanego promiennika podczerwieni.

5

Utrzymanie reżimu temperaturowego i płukanie instalacji jako działania wspomagające redukcję zanieczyszczenia bakteriami z rodzaju Legionella

Matuszewska R.

Instal

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2016

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nr 12

41--44

PL

Bakterie z rodzaju Legionella są często wykrywane w systemach dystrybucji wody, zwłaszcza w instalacjach ciepłej wody. Występowaniu tych bakterii sprzyjają między innymi: zbyt niska temperatura wody ciepłej, obecność osadu, korozja, biofilm, zastoiny wody. Systematyczna kontrola temperatury wody w punktach kontrolnych (np.: podgrzewacz wody, cyrkulacja, reprezentatywne punkty czerpalne) w systemach dystrybucji wody zimnej i ciepłej w budynkach oraz reżim przepływu wody powinny być stałymi elementami zarządzania instalacjami. Utrzymywanie odpowiedniej temperatury wody ciepłej (> 50°C) i wody zimnej (< 20°C) oraz regularne płukanie pryszniców/kranów powinny być działaniami wspomagającymi procesy dezynfekcji oraz mającymi na celu ograniczenie występowania warunków korzystnych dla bakterii Legionella.

EN

Bacteria of Legionella genus are often detected in domestic water systems, especially in the hot water system. The low temperature of hot water, presence of sludge, corrosion, biofilm and stagnation of water promote the presence of these bacteria. Systematic control of water temperature at control points (f. e.: water heater, circulation, representative points of use) in water distribution systems and flow regime should be a fixed part of domestic water systems management. Maintaining a suitable hightemperature of hot water (> 50°C) and low temperature of cold water (< 20°C) and regular shower / taps flushing should be supportive measures of disinfection process aimed at reducing the occurrence of favorableconditions for Legionella bacteria.

6

Combined effects of earthworms and diurnal temperature fluctuations on successional changes of litter nematode community

Uvarov A., Kolosova N., Kulinich O.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 4

685-696

EN

Earthworm functioning and temperature regime are among the most important biotic and abiotic factors of soil environment; their combined action on soil nematode activities has not been studied. In a 4-month laboratory experiment, effects of the epigeic earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra on a succession of nematode community in litter of a mid-European birch/oak forest were tested in the gradient of an increase of diurnal temperature fluctuations from 0[degrees]C (constant 15[degrees]C; T[15]) to 10[degrees]C (daily range between 10[degrees] and 20[degrees]C; T[10-20]) and 20[degrees]C (daily range between 5[degrees] and 25[degrees]C; T[5-25]). Earthworm and temperature effects were measured as differences in nematode community respiration rates between the experimental treatments. Nematode respiration rates were calculated on the basis of body size/weight/O[2] consumption relationships for individual species. Nematode community was dominated by bacterial feeders and changed in a characteristic successional pattern which, however, was markedly modified by temperature regime and earthworm activities. Dominant nematode taxa revealed specific patterns of temporal dynamics in connection with their responses to temperature and earthworm presence. Thus, metabolic activity of Plectus acuminatus was strongly reduced by D. octaedra but did not react to variation of temperature regime. In contrast, activity of Panagrolaimus sp. significantly responded to temperature but not to earthworm presence, whereas Pl. thornei reacted to both factors separately and in combination. Ceratoplectus armatus was stronger affected by earthworm presence then by temperature; Tylocephalus auriculatus showed the opposite pattern. The variety of responses may explain the coexistence of several taxonomically related (Plectidae) and trophically similar species within the dominant group. Both earthworm presence and increase of the range of diurnal temperature fluctuations strongly affected the net of interspecific correlations within the nematode community. Earthworms strongly reduced total activities of nematode community at any temperature regime. T[15] regime showed markedly lower level of cumulative nematode respiration than both fluctuating regimes, irrespective of earthworm presence. In conclusion, combined effects of earthworms and temperature regime drastically changed patterns of relationships within the nematode litter community. The results of the experiments may have implications for the perspectives of global warming events at the study site: it is suggested that the ultimate vector of the changes in litter environment might be directed towards the conditions of the treatment [T[15] regime; earthworms present], with the corresponding trends in the development of the litter nematode community.