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Wpływ miejskiej wyspy ciepła na parametry temperatury w oparciu o budynek mieszkalny w Poznaniu

Kosmatka Jerzy

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz

2023

Z. 13

79--100

Zmieniające się w ostatnich latach warunki pogodowe odzwierciedlające ocieplenie klimatu powodują coraz większą liczbę problemów w użytkowaniu i projektowaniu budynków. Jednym z nich jest konieczność uwzględniania wpływu miejskiej wyspy ciepła. Artykuł opisuje jej oddziaływanie, wskazując na konieczność przyjmowania danych doborowych klimatu zewnętrznego uwzględniających wpływ miasta oraz sposób jego zabudowy.

The changing weather conditions in recent years as a result of global warming cause more and more problems in the use and design of buildings. One of them is the urban heat island effect. The article describes the influence of the urban heat island and indicates the need to take into account the city's influence in building calculations.

Investigation of Textile Heating Element in Simulated Wearing Conditions

Stygienė Laimutė, Varnaitė-Žuravliova Sandra, Abraitienė Aušra, Padleckienė Ingrida, Krauledas Sigitas

Autex Research Journal

2021

Vol. 21, no. 3

207--215

The research was focused on the heating capacity of developed, isolated from water penetration, knitted textile heating element with incorporated conductive silver (Ag) - plated yarns, which can be used in manufacturing heating textile products intended for recreation, sports, or health care for elderly. The aim of the investigation was to obtain an appropriate temperature on a human skin, generated by the textile heating element surface at a lower voltage depending on a variety of wearing conditions indoor. Depending on the supplied voltage to the heating element, an incoming electric energy can be converted into different heat. Therefore, the electrical and achieved temperature parameters of heating elements are very important by selecting and adapting required power source devices and by setting the logical parameters of programmable controllers. The heating–cooling dynamic process of developed textile heating element was investigated at different simulated wearing conditions on a standard sweating hot plate and on a human skin at applied voltages of 3V and 5V. It was discovered that a voltage of 5 V is too big for textile heating elements, because the reached steady state temperature increases to approximately 39–40°C, which is too hot for contact with the human skin. The voltage of 3 V is the most suitable to work properly and continuously, i.e., to switch on when the adjusted temperature is too low and to turn off when the necessary temperature is reached. Based on the values of reached steady-state heating temperature, the influence of the applied voltage, ambient air flow velocity, and heating efficiency, depending on various layering of clothes, was determined. Recorded temperatures on the external surface of the heating element provided the possibility to assess its heat loss outgoing into the environment. It was suggested that heat loss can be reduced by increasing thermal insulation properties of the outer layer of the heating element or using layered clothing. On the basis of the resulted heating characteristics, recommended parameters of power source necessary for wearable textile heating element were defined.