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Modelling of impact of temperature gradient on content of polymer ampoule during its forming

Koloskova G. M., Koloskov V. Yu.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2020

Vol. 100, nr 1

12--19

Purpose: The aim of the represented study was to model the impact of temperature gradient on content of polymer ampoule during its forming. Design/methodology/approach: The model of polymer ampoules forming is built in SolidWorks software on the basis of finite element method. Using the developed model the study of temperature condition changes is carried out. Numerical modelling was carried out for two types of polymer packaging materials – polypropylene and polyvinylchloride – in similar conditions. Findings: During polymer ampoule forming the highest temperature of liquid is obtained at the bottom of it. The most effective packaging method is to form the ampoule from polypropylene by means of aluminium die. Investigation results have shown that the highest obtained liquid temperature has linear dependence from initial one. Linear coefficients of heating were evaluated for polypropylene (equal to 0.72) and polyvinylchloride (equal to 0.58). Practical implications: Decrease of initial liquid temperature value gives an opportunity to expand the range of products allowed to be packed in polymer ampoules in represented method. Safe conditions for packaging of liquid products in polymer ampoules are formulated, The results of the study may be used to improve the quality of liquid products packaging in polymer ampoules. Originality/value: For the first time the model was developed for determination of liquid heating degree during its packaging in polymer ampoules. The calculations of the temperature distribution are represented for polypropylene and polyvinylchloride ampoules forming by means of aluminium and ceramic dies. The results of the study may be of interest to specialists in the field of polymer packaging manufacturing for food or pharmaceutical industry.

Stationary reverse temperature modelling and geothermal resources callibration for the Košice Depression (Eastern Slovakia)

Jacko S., Fričovský B., Pachocka K., Vranovska A.

Technika Poszukiwań Geologicznych

2014

R. 53, nr 1

3--25

The south-eastern part of the Košice Depression contains prospective accumulations of geothermal waters having a discharge temperature of 123–129°C at exploration wells. Clastic rocks of the Neogene formation base (Carpathian) and Triassic dolomites of the Čierna hora Mts. Veporic basement form geothermal water aquifers. Using PETREL software for re-evaluation of seismic sounding results and drilled wells data it was possible to make a more accurate determination of the geological boundaries’ spatial positions, and to create a 3D model of the area delimiting four lithologically and stratigraphically different bodies at the most promising locality (i.e. the Ďurkov village area). Heat flowmodelling calculated the geothermal gradient for each aquifer body, e.g. Sarmatian (Gtr »38.1–60.6°C/km), Badenian (Gtr »41–56.1°C/km), Carpathian (Gtr »38.3–51.4°C/km), and Mesozoic (Gtr »22.4–30.6°C/km). Depth temperature distribution fluctuated between 36°C and 138°C on average (from 500 to 3000 m beneath the surface).

W południowo-wschodniej części Depresji Koszyc występują złoża wód geotermalnych o temperaturze na wypływie 123–129°C. Zbiorniki tych wód budują skały klastyczne formacji neogeńskiej (karpatu) oraz dolomity triasowe gór Čiernej hory należące do podłoża weporskiego. Do ponownej oceny wyników badań sejsmicznych oraz badań otworowych wykorzystano oprogramowanie PETREL, co pozwoliło na dokładniejsze przestrzenne określenie granic geologicznych oraz na opracowanie modelu 3D obszaru ograniczonego czterema różnymi pod względem litologicznym i stratygraficznym ośrodkami skalnymi w najbardziej perspektywicznym obszarze miejscowości Ďurkov. W ramach omawianych w artykule prac wykonano modelowanie przepływu ciepła oraz obliczono gradient geotermalny dla każdego ze zbiorników wód, tj.: sarmackiego (Gtr» 38,1–60,6°C/km), badeńskiego (Gtr» 41–56,1°C/km), karpackiego (Gtr» 38,3–51,4°C/km) oraz mezozoicznego (Gtr» 22,4–30,6°C/km). Temperatury na głębokościach od 500 do 3000 m p.p.t. zmieniają się w zakresie od 36 do 138°C.