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Effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the Pattern of Lake Ice Phenology in Poland

Wrzesiński D., Choiński A., Ptak M., Skowron R.

Acta Geophysica

2015

Vol. 63, no. 6

1664--1684

This paper presents an analysis of the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the pattern of lake ice phenology in Poland. The research embraced 22 lakes in Poland over the period 1961-2010. Strong relations were found to hold between NAO and individual characteristics of ice phenology. In a negative NAO phase, one can observe a later appearance of ice phenomena and ice cover compared with the average values, ice cover persisting even 30 days longer and being thicker even by more than 10 cm. In turn, in a positive NAO phase the duration of ice phenomena and ice cover is shorter, the cover being less thick and solid. The observed spatial differences in the effect of NAO on the pattern of ice phenomena in Poland show this matter to be fairly complex. The most significant factor changes in climatic conditions, which manifest themselves in the continentality of the climate growing eastwards.

Oscylacja Północnoatlantycka i jej wpływ na kształtowanie pogody i klimatu

Wibig J.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

2000

Z. 2

121-137

An outline of the concept of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is presented. The term NAO re-fers to the pattern connected with two centers of action over the North Atlantic: Icelandic Low and Azorian High, and was firstly described by Sir Gilbert Walker, in 1920's. In positive phase of the NAO both centers of action are well developed and zonal circulation dominates over the North At-lantic. In the opposite, the blocking patterns occur. There are many ways of distinguishing the NAO pattern: one point correlation method, empirical orthogonal function, principal component and ro-tated principal component analysis and the NAO indices. The impact of the NAO on weather in Europe and other parts of the world is also reviewed. The seesaw between temperature in north-western Europe and Greenland was firstly described by Cranz in his History of Greenland in 1765 and it was linked to the state of the NAO latter. During winter the impact of the NAO is the strong-est. Together with the high NAO, temperature in northern Europe, northern Asia and in the North America with the exception of Canadian Arctic is higher than normal, whereas at the south of Europe, north of Africa on Greenland and in Canadian Arctic is colder. The NAO determines also the distribution of precipitation. During the positive phase of the NAO it is wetter in northwestern Europe and drier over southern Europe and northern Africa. Severity of ice over the North Atlantic and Baltic Sea and activity and localization of storm tracks also are influenced by the NAO activity. There is evidence of relations of the NAO and the Southern Oscillation, but it seems that they are not statistically significant.