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EN
In the area of carbonate or karst Dinarides, besides the dominant carbonate rocks and subordinate clastics, in more places more significant mass of chemical sediments can be found, represented by gypsum and anhydrite. As chemical sediments are specifically lighter than overlying rocks, they have been, during the long geological history, trying to achieve isostatic equilibrium, or get out on the ground surface. In recent times, in areas with chemical sediments, a larger tectonic activity is noted than in the wider environment. This is certainly reflected in increased vertical and tangential displacements along major faults in relation to the surrounding area, which are built mainly of carbonate deposits. Determining the amount of movement of diapiric bodies, as absolute and relative, using the most modern surveying methods, precisely would assist the understanding of the tectonic movements and recent structural relations in a wider area
EN
Since 1997 till 2008, several series of precise GPS measurements have been conducted on specially stabilized points of Geodynamical Network of City of Zagreb with purpose of investigation of tectonic movements and related seismic activity of the wider area of the City of Zagreb. From this series of GPS measurements geodetic model of tectonic movements has been created. In the area of interest, independent geological investigations have been conducted through even longer period of time which resulted in geological model of tectonic movements. Comparison and correlation of these two independent models will be presented in this paper.
EN
The paper sites the facts of genetic connections of layer overpressure in natural basins to the process of fold-forming based on examples of oil-bearing West-Ukrainian basin. The given data, from the authors' point of view, confirm the correctness (equity) of tectonic conception of overpressure layer forming in certain geological settings, that is in regions with younger folding. The authors do not consider Hottman and Johnson (1965) and other scientists' consolidation (compression) theory to be universal for the explanation of the reasons of overpressure forming. Tectonic factor is the dominating factor of overpressure layer forming in folded regions. The paper focuses here on the secondary migration of fluids occurring in sedimentary rocks and also stimulation of overpressure forming in the layers in the crests of the folds. At this process а portion of fluids is squeezed into permeable layers, where their density decreases, and zones of invasion occur above the layers with overpressure.
PL
Śledzenie struktur geologicznych i ruchów tektonicznych w osadach neogeńskich podczas badań sejsmicznych przedstawiono na przykładzie obszaru mierzejowego jeziora Kopań i jeziora Wicko. Podczas badań sejsmicznych wykorzystano aparaturę CS-5G-1, stosowano metodę fal odbitych. W czasie badań terenowych zastosowano przedział pomiarowy Z = 100 ms, co powodowało, że fale sejsmiczne penetrowały osady neogenu i jego podłoża do głębokości 80-100 m p.p.t. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań sejsmicznych, które weryfikowano otworami wiertniczymi, można było wydzielić główne struktury geologiczne osadów holoceńskich, plejstoceńskich i ich podłoża. Bardzo dobrze śledzone były na rejestracjach sejsmicznych w obrębie holocenu grunty słabe pod względem geologiczno-inżynierskim i geotechnicznym, jakimi są mułki organiczne oraz torfy. W obrębie plejstocenu wyróżniono szereg poziomów glacjalnych, glacifluwialnych i fluwialnych. Ważnym zagadnieniem w aspekcie geologiczno-inżynierskim jest możliwość śledzenia w utworach neogenu uskoków młodej tektoniki, gdzie bardzo wyraźnie widać przesunięcia warstw geologicznych. Dokładniejsze poznanie budowy geologicznej badanego obszaru oraz wnikliwa analiza litostratygraficzna osadów mogą umożliwić określenie wieku ruchów neotektonicznych, a zwłaszcza wyznaczenie obszarów, gdzie wymienione wyżej procesy zachodzą współcześnie.
EN
This paper presents results of the tracking of geological structures and tectonic movements in the Neogene deposits by the aid of seismic method in engineering-geological aspect. Author have analysed the area of the Kopań Lake and Wicko Lake spit. Seismic research with use of the apparatus CS-5G-1 (6 channels) as high-resolution seismic investigations were carried out along the designed profiles, which are situated near to the shore of the Baltic Sea. During the seismic investigations, seismic reflective waves were recorded in measuring range Z = 100 ms. The measuring range was useful for the seismic waves, which have penetrated the deeper geological layers even to the top of Pleistocene bedrock. In this case seismic waves reach a value of 80-100 m below the terrain level. Distances between geophones were 10 m, and between profiles 40 m. During the research, there was used constant intensification of seismic impulses amounting from 66-72 dB. Measuring range R = 100 ms causes, that seismic waves reach a frequency of 5 kHz. For the verification of the seismic investigations were executed the geological drillings located on the beach and on the area of the Wicko Lake.
9
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EN
Clarifying the mechanism of some risky geodynamical processes could be performed using monitoring on the especially chosen sites. The obtained information is useful for studying and predicting of fault and landslide movements. For this purpose, three extensometers, type TM-71, Czech product, had been installed in 1982 at the southern parts of Simitii graben, SW Bulgaria. In the present paper, we present the results obtained by a long-term in-situ monitoring within the period 1984-2000. A stochastic modeling of the results of measurements to clarify some relationships in the behaviour of tectonic movements is applied. During the modeling, it was proposed some competitive programs - ARIMA and TRAMO/SEATS for models of temporary rows. Tendencies in the development of studied processes are established. Correlations between the tectonic movements and the temperature fluctuations are established, too. The adequateness of the models and the effectiveness of the prognoses were made using diagnostic verification of the statistical tests. The experimental investigations were performed using DEMETRA program.
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