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1

Assessment of the stability and reliability of the water treatment plant in Nowy Sącz using control cards

Śliz Paulina, Bugajski Piotr

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 52

251--256

EN

The subject of the study was to evaluate the stability and reliability of the sewage treatment plant in Nowy Sącz. The scope of the analysed indicators included the main indicators of wastewater contamination: BOD5(biochemical oxygen demand), CODCr (chemical oxygen demand), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (Ntot), and total phosphorus (Ptot). The operation stability of the sewage treatment plant in Nowy Sącz was determined on the basis of control cards x for 24 observations made in the period 2018-2019 (2 years). Moreover, the technological reliability of the tested sewage treatment plant (WN) was determined based on the values of the analysed pollution indicators in treated sewage and their permissible values. On the basis of the conducted analyses, full stability of the removal process of most of the analysed contaminants was found. In no case was there any crossing of the control lines, only a single grouping of samples above the help line in the case of total nitrogen, which could indicate a periodical disturbance in the stability of the removal process of this compound. On the basis of the obtained values of the reliability coefficient, which were below WN=1.00, reliable operation of the analysed facility was found, with a high degree of reduction (ƞ) of the analysed pollutants. The method of determining the technological reliability and stability of the treatment plant with the use of control cards is an effective and easy tool for detecting any disturbances and instabilities in the processes taking place in the tested facility. It enables the operator to take quick action to remove them, thus ensuring a safe wastewater treatment process for the environment and human health.

2

Effectiveness of Dairy and Domestic Wastewater Treatment and Technological Reliability of the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Michów, Poland

Zawadzka Beata, Siwiec Tadeusz, Marzec Michał

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 10

141--151

EN

The study aimed to assess the operation of the mechanical and biological wastewater treatment plant in Michów (Poland) in terms of the effectiveness of removing contaminants from mixed wastewater (dairy and domestic) and technological reliability. The wastewater treatment plant is owned by the Dairy Cooperative “Michowianka”. It is intended to treat mixed sewage, consisting of technological and sanitary sewage as well as part of rainwater from the plant, domestic wastewater supplied by a sewerage system from Michów, and wastewater delivered from septic tanks. In 2017 and in the first quarter of 2018, the permeate from the whey thickening process was also sent to the treatment plant. The period 2017-2021 was covered by the analysis. The analysis included the indicators from the fundamental group (TSS, BOD5, COD), biogenic indices (total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen). The applied technology ensured the removal of total suspended solids, BOD5, and COD at the level of over 96%. Total phosphorus was removed with an average efficiency of 91%. Slightly lower effects were found in the elimination of total nitrogen – 78.5% on average, while the ammonium nitrogen removal rate was 88% on average. Due to the high efficiency of the facility, the values of the standard contamination indicators at the outflow, as a rule, met the requirements specified in the water permit. The technological reliability of the wastewater treatment plant in Michów, determined by the Weibull method, was at a high level, usually exceeding 90%. The reliability analysis shows that the facility in Michów has a high capacity to treat wastewater to the extent required for the wastewater receiver, and that the treated wastewater discharge does not cause negative changes in the environment. It indicates a high probability of obtaining the wastewater quality at the outflow from the treatment plant meeting the water permit requirements.

3

Technological reliability of sewage treatment plant with the Pomiltek Mann type bioreactor

Kurek Karolina, Bugajski Piotr, Operacz Agnieszka, Młyński Dariusz, Wałęga Andrzej

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2020

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no. 46

146--152

EN

The aim of the work was to determine the technological reliability of the selected pollution indicators removal BOD5, CODCr and total suspension from the sewage treatment plant working with the bioreactor Pomiltek Mann type. Wastewater treatment plant which is a subject of this study is located in Lesser Poland, in Siepraw commune. The analysis was performed using the Weibull method for basic indicators of impurities, BOD5, CODCr and total suspended solids. Physico-chemical analyses of raw and treated wastewater, were carried out in the period from 2003 to 2014 (11 years). The research period included measured values of pollutions indicators in 38 samples of raw and treated sewage. For each of pollution indicators descriptive statistic, percentage reduction (n) and treatment plant reliability factors (RF) were calculated. Average reduction for BOD5 and TSS was on level equal 94%, only for COD the average reduction was lower and was on level 89%. The reliability values determined by Weibull method, were: 75% (BOD5), 90% (CODCr) and 89.5% (TSS). The reliability results have been lower than the presented by literature source, which means that work of wastewater treatment plant in Siepraw was not satisfied in 11 years of research.

4

A Weibull Analysis of the Reliability of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Nowy Targ, Poland

Bugajski Piotr, Nowobilska-Majewska Elwira

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2019

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Tom 21, cz. 2

825--840

EN

In the study, the Weibull method was used to determine the technological reliability of a collective wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Targ in Poland in regard of its ability to meet effluent discharge standards for selected pollution parameters. In addition, relative exceedance frequencies were calculated for this facility. The experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017. During this period, 87 samples of influent and effluent wastewater were collected and analyzed. The parameters investigated in the study included BOD5, COD, Total suspension and chromium Cr, for which the maximum permissible limits specified in the water quality permit are expressed as concentrations, and TN and TP, for which limit values are defined as minimum reduction rates (%). The technological reliability values for the parameters measured in concentration units were 72.5% for BOD5, 88% for COD, 65% for Total suspension, and 72.5% for Cr. The relative exceedance frequency was 23% of all measurement series for BOD5, 8% for COD, 25.3% for Total suspension, 16.1% for Cr, 2.5% for TN, and 2.0% for TP. It was found that the number of exceedances per year for all the investigated parameters was larger than the "tolerance limit" of five days laid down in the legal provisions in force in Poland relating to the quality of wastewater discharged to a reservoir. The results show that measures should be taken to identify the causes of the observed deficiencies in the reduction of the analyzed pollution parameters in the technological line of the treatment plant and that corrective action should be pursued.

PL

Celem pracy jest wykorzystanie metody Weibulla w celu określenia niezawodności technologicznej odnośnie uzyskania wartości normatywnych w ściekach oczyszczonych dla wybranych wskaźników zanieczyszczeń w zbiorczej oczyszczalni ścieków w Nowym Targu. Ponadto w pracy określono częstość względną występowania ponadnormatywnych wartości analizowanych wskaźników. Badania prowadzono w latach 2016 i 2017, gdzie w tym okresie pobrano i poddano analizie po 87 próbek ścieków dopływających i odpływających. W pracy uwzględniono wskaźniki, dla których wymagania w pozwoleniu wodno-prawnym podano jednostce wagowej i są to: BOD5, ChZT, zawiesina ogólna i chrom Cr oraz wskaźniki, dla których wymagania określono, jako minimalny stopnień redukcji (%) i są to: azot ogólny oraz fosfor ogólny. Niezawodność technologiczna dla wskaźników, których miarą jest jednostka wagowa wynosi dla BOD5– 72.5%, dla ChZT – 88% dla zawiesiny ogólnej – 65% i dla chromu Cr – 72.5%. Częstość względna występowania ponadnormatywnych wartości lub stopnia redukcji dla analizowanych wskaźników wynosi dla BOD5– 23%, dla ChZT – 8%, dla zawiesiny ogólnej – 25.3%, dla jonów chromu Cr – 16.1%, dla azotu ogólnego – 2.5% i dla fosforu ogólnego – 2.0% przypadków w stosunku do wszystkich serii pomiarowych. Stwierdzono, że liczba dni w roku, w których występują wartości ponadnormatywne dla badanych parametrów przekracza liczbę 5 dni, czyli „granicę tolerancji” wskazaną w obowiązującym w Polsce akcie prawnym dotyczącym jakości ścieków odprowadzanych do odbiornika. Na terenie analizowanego systemu kanalizacyjnego zaleca się podjąć działania w celu identyfikacji przyczyn występujących nieprawidłowości unieszkodliwiania analizowanych wskaźników w ciągu technologicznym oczyszczalni i podjąć działania naprawcze.

5

Niezawodność technologiczna unieszkodliwiania zanieczyszczeń biogennych w wybranych technologiach stosowanych w małych oczyszczalniach ścieków

Marzec M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2018

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T. 97, nr 5

753--767

PL

Dokonano analizy niezawodności wybranych rozwiązań technologicznych stosowanych w małych oczyszczalniach ścieków w zakresie usuwania azotu i fosforu ogólnego. Analizą objęto oczyszczalnię z osadem czynnym, ze złożem biologicznym zraszanym oraz oczyszczalnię z reaktorem hybrydowym (osad czynny i złoże biologiczne zanurzone). Analizę niezawodności wykonano z wykorzystaniem metody Weibulla. Stwierdzono bardzo niski poziom niezawodności technologicznej usuwania związków biogennych w badanych obiektach. W oczyszczalni z osadem czynnym uzyskano 24% dla azotu ogólnego i 5% dla fosforu ogólnego, w oczyszczalni ze złożem biologicznym zraszanym odpowiednio 15% i 10%, a w oczyszczalni z reaktorem hybrydowym 21% i 18%. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że w ściekach oczyszczonych odpływających z analizowanych obiektów, zaliczanych do grupy do 2000 RLM (równoważna liczba mieszkańców) występują przekroczenia wartości dopuszczalnych (granicznych) wskaźników biogennych, określonych przez Ministra Środowiska.

EN

Three small sewage treatment plants with activated sludge, sprinkled biol. deposit and a hybrid reactor (activated sludge and immersed trickling filter) were 5 yr long tested for reliability of N and P removal. The anal. of reliability was performed by using the Weibull method. The technol. reliability was 24% for total N and 5% for total P for the active sludge treatment plant, 15% and 10%, resp., for the plant with biol. deposit, and 21% and 18%, resp., for the hybrid reactor. The plants did not meet the required limits of the wastewater quality.

6

Reliability of removal of selected pollutants in different technological solutions of household wastewater treatment plants

Marzec M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2017

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no. 35

141--148

EN

The reliability of removal of selected contaminants in three technological solutions of the household sewage treatment plants was analysed in this paper. The reliability of the sewage treatment plant with activated sludge, sprinkled biological deposit and hybrid reactor (activated sludge and immersed trickling filter) was analyzed. The analysis was performed using the Weibull method for basic indicators of impurities, BOD5, COD and total suspended solids. The technological reliability of the active sludge treatment plant was 70% for BOD5, 87% for COD and 66% for total suspended solids. In the sewage treatment plant with a biological deposit, the reliability values determined were: 30% (BOD5), 60% (COD) and 67% (total suspended solids). In a treatment plant with a hybrid reactor, 30% of the BOD5 and COD limit values were exceeded, while 30% of the total suspended solids were exceeded. The reliability levels are significantly lower than the acceptable levels proposed in the literature, which means that the wastewater discharged from the analysed wastewater treatment plants often exceeds the limit values of indicators specified in currently valid in Poland Regulation of the Minister of Environment for object to 2000 population equivalent.

PL

W pracy przeanalizowano niezawodność usuwania wybranych zanieczyszczeń w trzech rozwiązaniach technologicznych przydomowych oczyszczalni ścieków: oczyszczalni z osadem czynnym, ze złożem biologicznym zraszanym oraz reaktorem hybrydowym (osad czynny i złoże biologiczne zanurzone). Analizę wykonano z wykorzystaniem metody Weibula w odniesieniu do podstawowych wskaźników zanieczyszczeń: BZT5, ChZT i zawiesiny ogólnej. Niezawodność technologiczna oczyszczalni z osadem czynnym kształtowała się na poziomie 70% w przypadku BZT5, 87% – ChZT i 66% – zawiesiny ogólnej. W oczyszczalni ścieków ze złożem biologicznym zraszanym wyznaczone wartości niezawodności wyniosły: 30% (BZT5), 60% (ChZT) i 67% (zawiesina ogólna). W oczyszczalni z reaktorem hybrydowym przekroczenie dopuszczalnej wartości BZT5 i ChZT miało miejsce w 30% przypadków, a zawiesiny ogólnej w 28%. Wyznaczone poziomy niezawodności są wyraźnie niższe od poziomów dopuszczalnych proponowanych w literaturze, co oznacza, że w ściekach oczyszczonych odpływających z analizowanych oczyszczalni często pojawiają się przekroczenia wartości granicznych wskaźników, określonych w aktualnie obowiązującym Rozporządzeniu Ministra Środowiska dla obiektów o wielkości poniżej 2000 RLM.

7

Reliability of a Collective Wastewater Treatment Plant

Bugajski P., Chmielowski K., Kaczor G.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 4

143--147

EN

The paper discusses technological reliability of a collective wastewater treatment plant (WTP). The WTP capacity expressed as population equivalents (PE) was 22,500. The research was conducted in 2013 and 2014 and it involved the collection and physical and chemical analysis of 101 samples of raw and treated sewage. Reliability analysis was based on Weibull reliability theory. Reliability of retaining organic compounds defined as BOD5 was 68%, and for biogenic compounds, such as total nitrogen and total phosphorus, it was 92% and 88%, respectively.