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Czyste technologie pozyskiwania energii z węgla oraz perspektywy bezpłomieniowego spalania

Szlęk A., Wilk R. K., Werle S., Schaffel N.

Rynek Energii

2009

nr 4

39-45

W artykule przedstawiono stan rozwoju węglowych technologii wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła z wskazaniem kierunków i trendów rozwoju. Dokonano przeglądu technologii perspektywicznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem technologii HTAC, czyli spalania w wysokopodgrzanym powietrzu (spalania bezpłomieniowego). Stwierdzono, iż zalety, jakie posiada ta technologia w pełni motywują prowadzenie prac nad tą technologią.

The paper summarizes clean coal technologies, both present and future. The authors describe existing technologies of processing the chemical energy of coal into useful forms of energy. The authors present the advantages of coal as a fuel. Due to the large amount of resources and the uniformity of incidence in the World and the relatively stable price, coal is probably the most promising fuel. Trends in clean coal technologies have been described. One possibility is the application of HTAC Technology in pulverized coal boilers. The proposed HTAC boiler features the following major advantages: small size, low harmful substances emission (mainly NOx), high and uniform heat fluxes and simple construction of the burners. Overall, the present study confirmed that HTAC technology can be a practicable, efficient and clean technology for fossil fuel fired boilers. However, it has to be pointed out that the investigated boiler is only still a concept and before any industrial application, more research has to be done.

Badanie procesu samozapłonu paliwa gazowego w warunkach superwysokiego podgrzania utleniacza

Wilk R. K., Werle S.

Systems : journal of transdisciplinary systems science

2004

Vol. 9, Sp. 2/2

1053-1060

Jednym z większych osiągnięć techniki spalania ostatnich lat jest technologia HTAC. Zastosowana ona została w kilkuset piecach przemysłowych w całym świecie prowadząc do poprawy sprawności energetycznej i dużego zmniejszenia emisji NOx i CO. W pracy podjęto próbę badawczą dotycząca, samozapłonu paliwa gazowego w utleniaczu o wysokiej temperaturze. Zaprojektowano i zbudowano w tym celu specjalne stanowisko badawcze oraz przedstawiono pierwsze wyniki badań.

Combustion of fuels is still fundamental source of original energy. Coincidentally, it is considerable reason of environment degradation. Because of those reasons it is sill very important development of combustion process and conversion energy systems to minimize consumption of natural materials and minimize negative influence on environment. One of the biggest achievement in the course of combustion engineering in last few years is HTAC (High Temperature Air Combustion) technology. The basic principles of technology are as follows: The temperature of combustion air ought to be higher than the autoignition point of the combustible mixture. The combustion air is preheated to temperature in excess of 800 °C (for natural gas as a fuel). In such conditions the phenomenon of combustion is in its character similar to a volume and flameless combustion. Thanks to this, the combustion chamber is relatively uniform, and temperature peaks (t > 1400°C) at which thermal nitrogen oxides are formed, are avoided. The fuel nozzles are positioned away from the air nozzles supplying the gas fuel into hot flue gases. There already exist a number of commercial applications of HTAC technology both in the ceramic and steal works industry, mainly in Far East. In thesis undertook experimental tests of fuel gas autoignition process in high-temperature oxidizer. For this purpose was design and build special experimental stand and are present first results. I Experimental installation consist of reaction vessel, thermal isolation, heating coils, temperature logger with three 1,5 millimetre thermocouples, power supply with controlling thermocouple and controller, antiflamme system with membrane, main addition pipe, cut-off valve, and the hole. Measurements were done in steady state. Temperature inside the reaction vessel was on the require level. Independent variables were: air combustion temperature and volume of gas injection. Measured quantity was temperature inside the reaction vessel. Conclusions are as follows: Experimental installation can, after improvement, be used in experimental tests of autoignition process of gas fuel. Portion of fuel injected into the vessel is subject of autoignition. Maximum of reaction temperature increment is for gas portions connected of excess air ratio λ=1.