Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Tematyka transportu i komunikacji w międzywojennej prasie technicznej Lublina

Pylak K.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2017

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R. 62, nr 2

55--84

EN

During interwar period, the subject of communication and transport, as well as its infrastructure, together with housing and general economic development of the country, was the main priority field of activity of engineers and technicians. Those were the issues of interest for the whole country that was being rebuilt after the war and partition period, but were of utmost importance for the Lubelskie region - one of the least developed regions of the former Kingdom of Poland. “Technik Lubelski” monthly, published for three years in Lublin, an organ of the Association of Technicians of the Lublin Province is for today’s reader an invaluable source of knowledge about social attitudes, professional activity, initiatives, projects, technical analyses and discussions of contemporary engineers connected with the Lubelskie region. The article contains a review of articles and texts covering the above subject matter. In the introduction we present a short description of this magazine and its history. Next, we list and discuss those texts which presented and comparatively analysed different transport systems. The following comes the subject of regional communication investments, and then the problems of transport and communication typical for the cities of the region. Because of increased pace of development of new technologies in road surface construction, this scope of work of the authors is highlighted and extensively elaborated. We also stress the connection of activities and prospecting for infrastructural solutions with the beginnings of development of automotive industry and motor transport.

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Program zabudowy hydrotechnicznej lewego dorzecza Odry w I połowie XX wieku

Krajniak W.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2017

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R. 62, nr 2

7--34

EN

The article attempts to present the reasons, course and effects of hydrotechnical works on the left basin of the Oder river. Research made to date in this field has been limited mainly to the Oder river itself, with no consideration for its tributaries that have a profound influence on the shaping of hydrological regime of the river. On the basis of archive materials and source literature, we analyse conditions of realization of the regulation programme, reconstruct the network of hydrotechnical facilities that were built, and indicate environmental and economic repercussions of reshaping the tributaries of the left basin of the Oder river.

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Imaging nuclear future in socialist Poland: plans and dreams

Kuzelova M.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2017

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R. 62, nr 2

35--54

EN

In the 1950s Poland expected the arrival of an “atomic age”, even though it had relatively rich coal reserves and finding alternative sources of energy was not as urgent as for other countries at that time. Even so, in Poland of the 1950s nuclear energy production was presented as a necessity, since it was believed that energy consumption would rise exponentially in the future. Moreover, unlike coal, nuclear energy was supposed to be environmentally friendly and safe. It is therefore not surprising that the idea of constructing a nuclear power plant in Poland in the 1950s was seen as a natural part of the country’s development, while other plans for using nuclear energy, such as construction of a nuclear-powered ship, were discussed as well. Those Polish plans and dreams were expressed mainly in contemporary texts, such as articles in newspapers and journals, popular science books, and official documents. The characteristic feature of majority of those texts were excessive expectations regarding the potential of nuclear energy, unfounded faith in its safety and environmental friendliness, and, last but not least, the conviction that without nuclear energy Poland would be “left behind”. The nuclear discourse was in the 1950s largely monolithic and based on the state’s official policy, which was unequivocally in favour of nuclear energy. This uniform character of the nuclear discourse was largely due to the fact that scientists, journalists, and politicians formed a unified front. Consequently, regardless of who (member of which of those groups) wrote about nuclear energy, one could always find certain ever-present patterns in those opinions, mainly a common goal (development of nuclear energy production), evaluation (nuclear energy is necessary and right), and ideological context (the development of nuclear energy goes hand in hand with the transition of a socialist society to communism). Nuclear optimism was thus in Poland of the 1950s closely linked to a relatively monolithic discourse, which led to the creation of a “nuclear propaganda”.

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System doładowania dynamicznego Wibu. Dzieje wynalazku i jego twórców

Łotysz S.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2015

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R. 60, nr 3

79--99

EN

During the inter-war period, several original solutions in engine technology were developed. One of them was Wibu dynamic-charge system invented by two young engineers, Adam Wiciński and Jakub Bujak. They succeeded in practically solving the well-known concept of using the inertia of gas column in suction tube to increase pressure of fuel mixture in high -pressure cylinder. They obtained an increase in efficiency up to 30 percent of the engine’s power. During the years 1933-1935, both engineers were working to improve their system and were trying to find possibilities to implement it, i.a. in railcars produced in Poland. Also foreign industry was interested in the invention, i.a. in the United Kingdom and Switzerland. In the end, Wibu system was not implemented and the mere concept of dynamic charge was abandoned for more cost-efficient turbocharging, i.e. forced induction. The history of this invention and its creators has been unknown up to now, partly because of this technological change into forced induction, and partly because of the early death of both inventors. Whereas Wiciński died by suicide in 1936, Bujak vanished without a trace in 1945. The article is based mainly on source materials (authentic period technical articles, patent literature, letters of Jakub Bujak), it presents the history of Wibu concept’s development and outlines the inventors’ profiles.