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Stem quality of Quercus cerris trees from Kosovo for the sawmilling industry

Bajrakatri A., Pimenta R., Pinto T., Miranda I., Knapic S., Nunes L., Pereira H.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2018

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vol. 61, nr 201

57--69

EN

Quercus cerris is an important species in the forests of Kosovo with a potential high economic value, although there is little information on the stem quality for the saw-milling industry. This study brings data on wood properties, particularly on heartwood, sapwood and bark development within Q. cerris trees grown in two sites in Kosovo, where mature trees were felled, and discs taken at different stem height levels. The average radial growth rate was 1.21 and 1.76 mm yr-1 for both sites. Heartwood decreased from the tree base upwards with a proportion of 53% and 43% until 5 m of height in the two sites. The radial width of sapwood was higher at the stem base (on average 44 mm) and afterwards approximately constant at 32 mm. The taper was low at an average 3.3 mm m-1 between 3.3 and 7.3 m of height. Bark represented on average 16.4% of the total stem cross-section and contained a substantial proportion of rhytidome (51% of the total bark area proportion at stem base and 41% at 9.3 m). Q. cerris in Kosovo showed good potential as a timber species for the supply of stem wood to the saw-milling industry, allowing good yields of heartwood-only sawn wood components. The bark should also be considered for complementary valorization.

2

Analiza funkcjonowania zwężenia na drodze krajowej

Gondek S., Ostrowski K.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 3

1524--1533, CD 1

PL

Właściwe projektowanie programu sygnalizacji świetlej na zwężonych odcinkach dróg krajowych z ruchem wahadłowym wymaga stosowania wielu parametrów odpowiednich dla takich obiektów. Należy do nich natężenia nasycenia. Krajowe przepisy nie podają miarodajnych wartości. W referacie przestawiono wyniki badań empirycznych na zwężonym odcinku drogi krajowej sterowanym stałoczasową sygnalizacją świetlną. Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu analizęzachowań kierujących na zwężeniu oraz oszacowaniewartości i zmienności natężeń nasycenia.Uzyskane wartości porównano z wartościami przyjętymi w projekcie ruchowymi i wykazano istotne różnice.

EN

Proper design of traffic signals program on narrowed sections of roads requires a number of parameters which are appropriate for such facilities. One of them is saturation flow. National rules do not provide authoritative values. The paper presents empirical research carried out on the tapered section of a national road with traffic signals. This research aimed to analyze the behavior of drivers on the taper and to estimate the value and variability of saturation flow. Obtained values were compared with the values adopted during the design stage and significant differences have been outlined.

3

Nonlinear deformation of a tapered elastica cantilever due to a tip load

Wang C. Y.

Archives of Mechanics

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2013

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Vol. 65, nr 1

55-66

EN

The nonlinear large deformation of a tip loaded tapered cantilever is studied. Different cross sectional shapes, deformation directions, tapers, base inclinations and end loads are considered. Explicit stability characteristic equations are given. Asymptotic analysis gives good approximations for large tip loads (p > 20). Deformation properties of the tapered cantilever are discussed.

4

Large post-buckling of heavy tapered elastica cantilevers and its asymptotic analysis

Wang C. Y.

Archives of Mechanics

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2012

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Vol. 64, nr 2

207--220

EN

Complete characteristics of the deformations of a tapered cantilever due to self weight are studied. Explicit stability criteria for pointy tapered columns and numerical results for the blunt columns are given. Asymptotic formulas for large deformations are derived, and the results compare well with those from numerical integration. It is found that the deformation depends heavily on a non-dimensional gravity parameter, the degree of taper and the cross sectional shape of the cantilever.

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Możliwości spawania włókien optycznych do zastosowań w technice laserowej za pomocą żarnikowej spawarki światłowodowej GPX - 3400

Maciejewska M., Świderski J.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2011

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R. 57, nr 5

467-470

PL

Obecnie większość dostępnych komercyjnie spawarek światłowodowych bazuje na wyładowaniu łuku elektrycznego. Konkurencyjnym rozwiązaniem są najnowsze spawarki żarnikowe, w których proces spawania zachodzi wewnątrz grafitowego żarnika. W artykule przedstawiono możliwości spawania włókien optycznych pod kątem zastosowań w technice laserowej za pomocą żarnikowej spawarki światłowodowej GPX-3400 firmy Vytran, która według naszej wiedzy jest obecnie jedynym sprzętem tego typu w Polsce. Ponadto zaprezentowano możliwości obcinania światłowodów (w tym obcięcia pod kątem) za pomocą obcinarki LDC-200 G oraz wykonywania komponentów światłowodowych takich jak przewężki, czy zakończenia typu end - cap.

EN

Possibilities of optical fibers splicing and fiber cleaving with the use of currently unique in Poland - the filament fusion splicer GPX-3400 are reported in the paper. Our system, depicted in Fig. 8, consists of the GPX-3400, the LDC-200 G cleaver and the PTR-200 XLR recoater made by Vytran Company. Nowadays most of commercially available fiber splicers, applied particularly in telecom networks are based on arc - discharge method [1, 4], which has some significant limitations. Alternative sources for fiber splicing are: CO2 laser [6, 7], chemical flame [8] and filament made of resistively heated material and applied in GPX-3400. In this paper we discuss the possibilities of processing different types of optical fibers (PM, PCF, LMA, double - clad) with the use of Vytran Company equipment. We analyze fiber end face cleaved by the LDC-200 G and investigate angled cleaving for Corning SMF-28e (fig. 3). Furthermore, we discuss end caps fabrication, review methods of fiber splicing - especially filament fusion splicing, describe imaging system in the GPX-3400, splice process, fire polishing and tapering. The filament fusion technology makes the GPX-3400 a very flexible glass processing system for splicing optical fibers ranging from 80 žm to 1,5 mm and many others applications such as: fabrication of end caps, couplers, combiners, tapers, thermal core expansion, mode adapters and NA converters. The GPX-3400 provides every-thing that is essential in fiber processing in order to develop robust all - fiber laser systems.